Pilot China, set out from here (eventful years)

Exterior view of the memorial hall of the site of the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China

Exterior View of the Memorial Hall of the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China

Interior view of the four major memorial halls of the Communist Party of China

First National Congress of the Communist Party of China: Adoption of the Party's First Program and First Resolution

The Light of Faith Brings National Hope

On the road covered by sycamore trees, a small Shikumen building stood quietly along the street. The black paint gate, the blue brick powder line and the red flag fluttering at the corner of the house are particularly dazzling against the blue sky. Shanghai, No. 76 Xingye Road, No. 106 Wangzhi Road, a hundred years ago, on the evening of July 23, 1921, the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held here.

In the Shikumen of Shuderi, downstairs in the guest hall, representatives of the early Communist Party organizations and the Communist International from all over the country attended the conference. The Congress discussed at length the first programme and the first resolution of the Party.

The First National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held to announce the formal establishment of the Communist Party of China. In a hundred years, the Communist Party of China has grown from more than 50 party members to a large party with more than 91 million party members; in a hundred years, the Communist Party of China has led China to start from poverty and weakness, work hard, and develop into the world's second largest economy......

In March 1920, in Fenshuitang Village, Yiwu, Zhejiang, in a shabby firewood house, Chen Wangdao used benches and planks to set up a temporary writing desk and began to translate the "Communist Manifesto".

In the early spring of the mountain area, the cold was pressing. The mother felt sorry for her son and cooked two zongzi with a plate of brown sugar. She told her son to eat while it was hot. Chen Wangdao was so absorbed that he dipped the ink as brown sugar. The mother was so angry and funny that she asked, "Is brown sugar sweet after eating?" The son was oblivious to it and said without looking up, "Sweet, so sweet!"

The taste of truth is sweet. In August 1920, the first full Chinese translation of the Communist Manifesto was published. "for China, it is like candlelight, bringing light and hope to the pioneers of exploration in the dark." Xu Ming, deputy director of the memorial hall of the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China, said.

There are more than 120000 pieces (sets) of revolutionary cultural relics in the memorial hall of the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and 121 pieces (sets) of national first-class cultural relics. Among them, the full Chinese translation of the Communist Manifesto, published in 1920 and translated by Chen Wangdao, ignited the faith of the Chinese Communists.

In the memorial hall, there are the first edition of the Communist Manifesto in August 1920 and the second edition in September. On the second edition of the "Communist Manifesto" with a blue cover, two lines of signatures can be vaguely seen: "The book and newspaper of Comrade Zhang Jingquan (Ranya) secretly hiding the mountain cave for more than 20 years".

This was taken from Zhang Jingquan's cenotaph. In 1898, Zhang Jingquan was born in an ordinary peasant family in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. At the age of 16, his father Zhang Juqian sent him to Shanghai Fengxiang Silver House as an apprentice. The family and villagers did not know that Zhang Jingquan joined the Communist Party of China in Shanghai and changed his name to "Renya".

In 1927, the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup came suddenly. Zhang Jingquan took the risk and sent a pack of old books home. In a hurry to meet, it was the last time for father Zhang Juqian and his son. The following year, there was an extra cenotaph in the Zhang family cemetery. It is said that Zhang Jingquan, who was far away in a foreign land, disappeared and his life and death are unknown.

After the founding of New China, Zhang Jingquan was still nowhere to be heard. Zhang Juqian asked his family to open the "cenotaph" and brought the books and newspapers buried in the tomb for more than 20 years, including the first Chinese translation of the Communist Manifesto and the first party constitution of the Communist Party of China, to Shanghai and handed it over to the relevant departments.

In 2005, the descendants of the Zhang family finally waited for the news: On December 23, 1932, Zhang Jingquan, who was only 34 years old, died in the Central Soviet Area of Ruijin, Jiangxi due to overwork.

The Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China: Formulate the first party constitution and publicly publish the "Manifesto of the Communist Party of China"

The beacon lights up to guide the way forward.

From July 16 to 23, 1922, on the same hot summer day, the same old Shanghai old-style lane, one year after the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the second National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held here.

The 12 representatives of the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China held three plenary sessions and passed the first party constitution of the Communist Party of China. Nearly a hundred years of time, today, the auxiliary Delhi archway is still standing.

The Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China created a number of "firsts" in the history of the founding of the Communist Party of China: the first time to put forward the party's anti-imperialist and anti-feudal democratic revolutionary program; the first time to put forward the party's united front thought-the democratic united front thought; the first time Publicly published the "Manifesto of the Communist Party of China"; formulated the first "Constitution of the Communist Party of China" Long live the Communist Party of China "for the first time.

The Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China jointly completed the task of founding the Communist Party of China, and the Chinese revolutionary movement presented a new situation.

In the memorial hall at the site of the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China, there is a copy of such a precious cultural relic. A yellowed manuscript paper was the first "Notice of the Central Bureau of the Communist Party of China" issued by Chen Duxiu, secretary of the Central Bureau, to the whole party in November 1921. The article wrote: "The meeting will be held in July next year."

This "congress" refers to the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Perhaps it is a coincidence that the second National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China are held in only one word, one is called Shudeli and the other is called Fudeli.

Fudeli No. 625 is the residence of Li Da, a member of the Central Bureau and director of publicity. It is located at the intersection of the former Public Concession and the former French Concession and is relatively safe. The civilian woman founded by the party corrects the back door of Li Da's house, which is also convenient for evacuation in case of emergency.

At the meeting, 12 party representatives enthusiastically discussed China's current situation and countermeasures. For the sake of safety, the second National Congress is dominated by group discussions, and each plenary meeting has to be changed.

The memorial hall at the site of the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China restored the scene of the meeting at that time: a table of eight immortals and several square stools were placed in the middle of the living room, and a tea table and two back chairs were placed against the wall on the east and west sides. According to Li Da's wife Wang Huiwu's memory, the venue was simple and crude at that time, "and they kept on driving. When they went downstairs for dinner, they also discussed the meeting affairs at the dinner table."

The People's Publishing House, the first publishing organization of the Communist Party of China, is also located here. In order to avoid the enemy's search, the words "Guangzhou People's Publishing House" were deliberately printed on the publications published here.

Today, in the party constitution history hall of the memorial hall, there are all the party constitutions or amendments to the party constitution produced by the Communist Party of China since its birth, and more than 100 precious versions of the party constitution in different ages are covered with a whole wall.

These "witnesses" of the century-old party history are the "treasures of the town hall" of the memorial hall of the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China ". "The Party Constitution History Hall reproduces the whole process of the Communist Party of China from the founding of the party to its maturity, and records the development process of the Communist Party of China's ideology, theory and political line advancing with the times." You Wei, deputy curator of the Memorial Hall of the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China, said.

The Fourth National Congress of the Communist Party of China: Simplify the procedures for joining the Party and shift the focus of work to organizational construction

The source of strength, strengthen the construction of branch

During the period of the new democratic revolution, the CPC Central Committee held three national congresses in Shanghai.

In January 1925, in Guangjili, another Shikumen building next to the Songhu Railway, the Fourth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held. 20 Communists including Chen Duxiu, Cai Hesen, Qu Qiubai, and Zhou Enlai attended the conference on behalf of 994 party members across the country.

From the 11th to the 22nd, the meeting elected the new Central Bureau, elected Chen Duxiu as the general secretary of the party, deliberated and adopted the declaration of the Congress, and revised the party constitution.

The Fourth National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly raised the issue of the leadership of the proletariat in the democratic revolution for the first time in the history of the party, and raised the issue of the alliance of workers and peasants for the first time. It has established the organizational line of strengthening the party's leadership, expanding the party's organization and implementing the party's mass.

The Fourth National Congress of the Communist Party of China is also the historical starting point for the construction of Party branches. For the first time, the Fourth National Congress of the Communist Party of China identified the branch as the basic organization of the party and began to shift the focus of the party's work to organizational construction. Subsequently, the party's organization developed rapidly and successfully achieved the great leap from a small group propagating Marxism to a mass political party.

In the exhibition of the four major memorial halls of the Communist Party of China, copies of two notices signed "Zhong Ying" can be seen. According to the resolution of the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the National Congress is convened regularly once a year by the Central Executive Committee. By convention, the Fourth National Congress of the Communist Party of China should be convened in 1924.

On August 31, 1924, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Letter on the Convening of Party Organizations in Four Major Regions" under the code name "Zhong Ying", stating that "the Fourth National Congress is not far away". On September 15, "Zhong Ying" issued a "Notice on Convening the Fourth National Congress" to the local committees, clearly stating that the Fourth National Congress of the Communist Party of China is scheduled to meet in November of that year.

"Zhong Ying" was the name of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China at that time. The notice written in Xingkai on August 31 was signed by Mao Zedong. As many regions as the notice is sent to, how many copies must be copied in calligraphy.

The convening of the Fourth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was two months later than originally planned. In January 1924, the first National Congress of the Kuomintang was held in Guangzhou, marking the official beginning of the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. However, in the process of cooperation, the contradictions between the two parties have become increasingly prominent. Various reasons have delayed the convening of the Fourth National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

"The Fourth National Congress of the Communist Party of China has made a lot of contributions to the construction of Party organizations." Tong Ke, curator of the Fourth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, said that the "Fourth National Congress" directly involves the title of party leaders. The heads of local executive committees at all levels are called secretaries, and the chairman of the Central Committee is renamed general secretary.

In addition, starting from the Fourth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, it emphasized that the organization issue is an important issue for the survival and development of our party, and put forward the requirement that "three people can organize a branch. These paradigms have been used to this day.

In order to facilitate the absorption of more advanced elements, the Fourth National Congress of the Communist Party of China decided to simplify the procedures for joining the party, requiring workers, peasants and intellectuals with class consciousness to "directly join the party".

For the young Communist Party of China, such a change means a new starting point. By the time the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in 1927, the number of CPC members had reached 57967.

 

Source: People's Daily-People's Daily