Chen xiuliang: "do women not turn over sea whales"

In the painting "424 Clear Skies · Nanjing 1949", a woman in a white cheongsam and a PLA commander clasped their hands and stood at the front of the top floor of the "Presidential Palace. The lady in the painting, Chen Xiuliang, is the first female secretary of the Nanjing Municipal CPC Committee and played an important role in the liberation of Nanjing.

Chen Xiuliang, who was born well, could have lived a stable life, but she was influenced by revolutionary ideas and chose the revolutionary road of life and death. She served as the editor of "Young Pioneer" and the secretary of Xiang Jingyu, and joined the Party under the introduction of Xiang Jingyu. In the mid-1940s, Chen Xiuliang was sent to Nanjing by the Party Central Committee to serve as secretary of the Nanjing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China to carry out secret work. Before taking up his post, Chen Xiuliang's husband, Sha Wenhan, gave him a poem: "Men should be rampant all their lives, but women should not turn over sea whales? If you want to get a tiger, you must enter the cave. Now the cave of the tiger is Jinling!" As sent by the poem, Chen Xiuliang, who was courageous, alert and wise, went deep into the tiger's den, pulled out the tiger's teeth, set off a stormy wave under the enemy's eyes, and wrote a feminine demeanor that did not lose to the man.

In the face of danger, go deep into the tiger's den.

In March 1946, Chen Xiuliang received a new appointment from the party-secretary of the Nanjing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China. Nanjing is the "capital" of the Kuomintang rule, and strangling Nanjing has strangled the lifeblood of the Kuomintang.

Since Chiang Kai-shek's "Qing Party" in 1927, Nanjing underground organizations have been destroyed eight times in a row, and eight municipal party secretaries have been sacrificed by the enemy's butcher's knife. After the Japanese captured Nanjing in 1937, it was difficult for Nanjing to find underground party members. Although the underground party organizations in Nanjing began to recover at this time, and more than 220 underground party members were distributed in various fields, the strength of these party members was so weak in Nanjing, the "iron bucket city" formed by Chiang Kai-shek's bayonet and cannon hoops! Doing underground work in Nanjing, such as stepping into a hungry tiger, is dangerous. Chen Xiuliang, who accepted the important task, resolutely said goodbye to her husband Shawenhan: "The wind is rustling and the water is cold, and the strong man will never return."

The party has entrusted such an important task to the weak Chen Xiuliang, who values her loyalty, courage and experience. On the eve of the outbreak of the National Anti-Japanese War, the Party Central Committee sent people to Shanghai to restore the party organization, and Chen Xiuliang also became a member of the Shanghai party organization. On the basis of the great recovery and development of the Shanghai party organization, the CPC Central Committee decided to rebuild the Jiangsu Provincial CPC Committee and successively appointed Chen Xiuliang as secretary of the Women's Committee of the Provincial CPC Committee and head of the Youth work Committee. Chen Xiuliang not only united many celebrities, but also developed a large number of secret party members and promoted the development of underground party organizations. In October 1945, the Urban Work Department of the Central China Branch established a subordinate agency, Nanjing Work Department, with Chen Xiuliang as its minister. During her tenure as head of the Nanjing Work Department, Chen Xiuliang was responsible for contacting the Nanjing Underground Party, which laid the foundation for her to become the secretary of the Nanjing Underground Party.

After Chen Xiuliang was ordered, he bid farewell to his family in Shanghai and went to Nanjing. She pretended to be Mrs. Zhang, a lady, and first lived in the home of Zhu Qiluan, a member of the Nanjing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, and then lived in the home of underground party members Bai Yan and Ke Xiuzhen as an "aunt. Chen Xiuliang, who became someone else's "aunt", did not have the opportunity to be the mother of his daughter. Although Nanjing and Shanghai are very close, she seldom goes home with a "special mission" and it is very difficult to meet her daughter. In the meantime, she finally had the opportunity to return to Shanghai to discuss her work. When she stepped into the house, everything was so familiar and strange! When she left home, her daughter Sha Shangzhi was only 3 years old, and now she is 8 years old. seeing this strange woman in a coat with cheongsam and glasses, her daughter's first sentence was unexpectedly: "who is nong? is she the new nanny?" chen xiuliang couldn't help wetting her eyes. she stroked her daughter's head and murmured: "I am your mother!" The daughter also said excitedly: "I have a mother!" Chen Xiuliang, who was still immersed in the joy of meeting mother and daughter, stayed at home for a while and had to leave her daughter and family and go to work. After leaving in a hurry this time and seeing you again for a long time, Chen Xiuliang hid his love for his daughter in his heart and became someone else's "aunt" with peace of mind ".

"Aunt" Mrs. Zhang plays mahjong when she has nothing to do at home. She will dress up carefully when she goes out, wearing cheongsam and sunglasses. People around me saw the Bai family happy, but no one thought that it was such a weak woman who turned up a stormy wave in Nanjing politics. After Chen Xiuliang took office, his first task was to rebuild the Nanjing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China and reorganize the party's grass-roots organizations. According to the specific instructions of the Central China Branch, Chen Xiuliang adhered to the policy of "concealed and capable, long-term ambush, accumulating strength, and waiting for the opportunity", and adjusted the organizational structure, working methods, and struggle strategies of the Nanjing Municipal Party Committee, so that the Nanjing Party organization can be preserved and developed. In the past three years, the Nanjing Municipal Party Committee under the leadership of Chen Xiuliang has successively established 9 working committees including workers, students, elementary school teachers, civil servants, culture, police, silver and money industry, shop assistants, and middle school teachers, as well as intelligence and counteraction systems. One working committee and several branches have been established in areas such as Xuancheng. The number of underground party members has also grown to more than 2000, distributed in the Kuomintang party, government, military and all walks of life, and made important contributions to the War of Liberation. To this end, Chen Shiju commented: under Chen Xiuliang's "enthusiasm and frankness of this heroine and his excellent work" and leadership, "in the great battle to liberate Nanjing, the underground party and the masses of the people from all walks of life in Nanjing have demonstrated their superb art of struggle and established indelible achievements".

Move with the times and open up a "second front"

Although there was no smoke in Nanjing, the dark tide was surging. Dissatisfaction with the KMT from all walks of life is on the verge of breaking out. After the outbreak of the Peking student protest against the atrocities of the US military in December 1946, Nanjing university students were also angry. After Chen Xiuliang learned of the situation, he explained that the "School Committee" organized students at and above the Junior College level in Nanjing to hold anti-American and anti-riot demonstrations; at the same time, he emphasized the need to master the fire and pay attention to the sabotage of secret agents and the suppression of the Kuomintang military and police. Nanjing students then launched a massive parade. To use the relevant report of Xinhua Daily on January 5, 1947: "the stone city of stillness is like stagnant water, stimulated by the roar of righteous indignation from the heart of a child, the whole city fluctuates, the ranks reach, and the way is blocked."

After Chiang Kai-shek launched the civil war, the Kuomintang-controlled areas were in danger, especially when prices skyrocketed. The Kuomintang organ newspaper "Central Daily" said: "The rising wind is unprecedented, the market is chaotic, and prices are like a runaway horse. The degree of its madness is thrilling!" Some democrats wrote a doggerel: "Last year, I hope this year is good. This year, everyone is crying out for distress. No one wants ghost money. I don't have enough to eat in any war." Even a professor at the Central University with a Kuomintang background expressed dissatisfaction: "Teachers and students across the country do not have enough clothes to keep out the cold, food is not nutritious, living without wind and rain, laboratories cannot be opened, and libraries have no books to read." Anti-hunger has become the common aspiration of the people in the Kuomintang-controlled areas, and anti-civil war has become the common aspiration of the people. For this reason, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to mobilize the masses in the Kuomintang-controlled areas with the slogan "oppose the Kuomintang's civil war and demand the right to survive", and "strive to establish an anti-traitor, anti-civil war, anti-dictatorship, and anti-spy on the basis of the struggle for survival. The broad front of terror". After receiving the order, the Shanghai Bureau of the CPC Central Committee decided to organize a large-scale student struggle, with Nanjing and Shanghai as the center, and Nanjing first to break through.

After receiving the instructions from the Shanghai Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Chen Xiuliang immediately conveyed the instructions of the Shanghai Bureau of the CPC Central Committee to the Nanjing Municipal Party Committee and the "Learning Committee. Chen Xiuliang emphasized: "First, try to combine the two slogans of anti-hunger and anti-civil war; second, try not to expose the party's organization in the struggle, and do not mention slogans that are too political; third, try to make use of various Legal opportunities, various forms of propaganda, such as slogans, slogans, songs, live press dramas, etc. Try to unite the majority, especially the Solidarity Professor, to win the support of workers and residents. At the same time, we should pay attention to the repression and sabotage of the reactionary elements of the Kuomintang government." At the same time, the Central University was selected as the focus, with a gradual breakthrough.

In 1947, under the leadership of the Nanjing Municipal Party Committee and Chen Xiuliang, Nanjing students began an anti-hunger and anti-civil war march.

With the development of the Nanjing student parade, Chen Xiuliang is also thinking about the next step: to establish a unified organization "Nanjing District Colleges and Universities for Public Treatment Federation" as the command organization of the action; on May 20, the fourth session of the National Political Participation Conference On the day of the third meeting, students from various schools in Nanjing and 16 Junior College schools from Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou and other places were organized to hold demonstrations, it also made clear the declaration of the "Anti-Hunger and Anti-Civil War March in Colleges and Universities in Beijing, Shanghai, Suzhou and Hangzhou. On May 20, about 5000 Nanjing university students took to the streets, and the slogans of "anti-civil war" and "anti-hunger" resounded throughout Nanjing. The student parade was obstructed and attacked by the military and police, resulting in a bloodbath. The military and police crackdown provoked anger among students, and more schools and students joined the struggle and accused the military and police of brutality.

the cpc central committee has highly appraised this student movement led by the nanjing municipal party committee. On May 23, Xinhua News Agency commented that the movement was comparable to the May 4th Movement and the December 9th Movement.

Be bold and careful, intercept information and send it to the central government.

After Chen Xiuliang became secretary of the Nanjing Municipal CPC Committee, he attached great importance to intelligence work and successively developed more than 40 Communist Party members within the Kuomintang, who collected a large amount of political and military intelligence.

Chen Xiuliang, as the head of the Nanjing Underground Party, contributed a lot. Chen Xiuliang has been engaged in revolutionary struggle in the Kuomintang-controlled areas for a long time and has developed a sharp, alert, bold and careful style. She can be fearless in the face of danger, judge correctly, seize the opportunity and obtain information. One day, Chen Xiuliang, dressed in disguise, came to Fang Xiu, a member of the municipal party committee who was in single-line contact with him. After the meeting, Fang Xiu nervously told Chen Xiuliang that one of his wife and brother was a Kuomintang military spy who had just returned from Chongqing and was staying at his home temporarily. Fang Xiu suggested that, for the sake of safety, he should have less contact with Chen Xiuliang, and even offered to move out of his home to facilitate his work. Chen Xiuliang, on the other hand, dismissed the idea that he should stand still and wait and see what happens. A few days later, Chen Xiuliang came to Fang Xiu's house again. Fang Xiu excitedly told her that his wife and brother went out and left a military code in their handbag. This is precisely the Kuomintang military code that the Party Central Committee urgently needs. Chen Xiuliang was overjoyed and handed the cipher book to his staff. He immediately returned it to Zhao after a quick copy. This code is of great significance to grasp the mobilization of the Kuomintang troops. The Party Central Committee called back and praised: "It has played a great role in the military."

In Nanjing, where enemy agents are like hemp, underground work is dangerous, but for Chen Xiuliang, it means that there is the possibility of intercepting intelligence at any time and anywhere. Once, Chen Xiuliang learned that Wang Weiheng, the deputy director of the Joint Logistics Headquarters Technical Committee of the Kuomintang Military and Public Affairs Department, who had recently taken office, remembered that he had seen this name in the old register of Zhuji County Committee of the Communist Party of China. Are they the same person? The result of verification confirmed Chen Xiuliang's judgment. Chen Xiuliang was overjoyed and sent someone to test Wang Weiheng's attitude. Wang Weiheng lost contact with the party organization for 12 years, and now he is finally looking forward to the "mother's family". He did not hesitate to give all the relevant information of the Kuomintang army to the Nanjing municipal party committee. Gu Zhutong, the commander-in-chief of the Kuomintang army, was puzzled. He asked Chen Cheng during a meeting, "What's the matter? Why is Yan'an more informative than us when he has the number of designations of our army?"

earth-shattering, sea, land and air

Under the leadership of the Nanjing Municipal Party Committee and Chen Xiuliang, the underground party members in Nanjing quietly fermented like yeast, and the deeper the influence. In order to successfully liberate Nanjing, in September 1948, the Shanghai Bureau of the CPC Central Committee asked the Nanjing Underground Party to "actively carry out counter-insurgent work" and win over more Kuomintang progressives to meet the liberation together.

Chen Xiuliang's first concern was Yu Bo, a pilot of the 8th Brigade of KMT Air Force bombers. After understanding Yu Bo's background, Chen Xiuliang confirmed that he could fight for it, so he sent someone to tell Yu Bo that the Communist Party welcomed him and hoped that he could influence more like-minded people to abandon the secret and cast their light. Encouraged, Yu Bo immediately contacted the other five pilots and flew north on the evening of December 16, 1948. Yu Bo and his party originally planned to bomb the "presidential palace", but due to the influence of the sky, they deviated from the target. Chiang Kai-shek was unscathed, but he was terrified. After the news of Yu Bo's plane uprising spread within the Kuomintang, some pilots followed suit, and uprisings occurred one after another in Xi'an, Hangzhou, Shanghai, Hong Kong and other places.

After the air eagle rushed to the light, Chen Xiuliang began to prepare for the sea fleet's counteraction work. Deng Zhaoxiang, the captain of the "Chongqing", was upright and upright, and had long been dissatisfied with the decadent and incompetent Kuomintang authorities; most of the sailors on the ship were born as students, and they were very patriotic. They were also disheartened by the actions of the Kuomintang, and they had long ago bred the idea of going to the Communist Party. Knowing this, Chen Xiuliang did not hesitate to agree to the ten plans of the uprising and welcomed the "Chongqing" to join the organization. In the early morning of February 25, 1949, the "Chongqing" sailed out of Nanjing and headed for Huludao. All ten plans were successful.

After the uprising of the sea and air forces, Chen Xiuliang turned his attention to Wang Yanqing, the commander of Chiang Kai-shek's imperial army, the "Capital Guard Division" (the 97th Division of the 45th Army of the Kuomintang). Through a lot of understanding, Chen Xiuliang learned that Wang Yanqing was upright and had lost confidence in the Kuomintang authorities, so he decided to turn against him. Under the attack of Wang Yanqing's uncle, Wang Yanqing gave up his "foolish loyalty" to Chiang Kai-shek and proposed to meet "quite responsible" people in the underground party of the Communist Party of China. Chen Xiuliang personally went out to meet Wang Yanqing. Wang Yanqing was moved by Chen Xiuliang's sincerity and determined to revolt.

After the uprising of the 97th Division, Chen Xiuliang was overjoyed and wrote a poem: "The mountains are connected with the ancient Que and the spring is in the south of the Yangtze River. The wolves, foxes and rabbits are everywhere. The army crossed the coming day and saw how ferocious it could be."

Meet the liberation of Nanjing

In October 1948, the Nanjing Municipal Party Committee received instructions from the Shanghai Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China: "Although Beijing and Shanghai are on the eve of liberation, they still have to go through a period of arduous struggle. The basic policy at present is to actively develop forces, consolidate and expand the core, strengthen key tasks, rely on the basic masses, unite the majority of the people, and strive for the complete liberation of Beijing and Shanghai and the preparation for its takeover." Under this instruction, Chen Xiuliang put on the agenda by organizing the people to cooperate with the people's Liberation Army to hit the Kuomintang nest. To this end, she held several emergency meetings of the municipal party committee to pool ideas and formulate measures.

After thorough investigation, Chen Xiuliang found that among the Nanjing Kuomintang police, there are many junior Senior high school graduates from Chongqing, Guiyang, Henan and other places who are dissatisfied with reality and can fight for it. As a result, the Nanjing Municipal Party Committee and Chen Xiuliang decided to set up a "Police Movement Committee" and successively transferred a number of backbones from the working committee, shop assistants, and school committees to strengthen police work. At the request and guidance of Chen Xiuliang, the "Police Movement Committee" sent people to "break into" the 13 police stations of the Kuomintang. These underground party members have won a large number of progressive forces in the police: the deputy director of the Shidong District Police Department has abandoned the secret and brought a large number of police forces; the police in 9 important areas such as Hanzhongmen, Dashengguan, and Shuiximen have effectively maintained the waterworks. The real power figures of the Xiaguan District Police Department went to the Communist Party, not only contributing 5 patrol ships, but also cooperating with underground party members to formulate plans to protect trains, and other facilities.

While focusing on entering the police station, Nanjing underground party members also went deep into other units to carry out mass work. According to Chen Xiuliang's report to the central government, "before liberation, including the united front relationship, there were 64 bureaus in 97 units in the city". These units organize the masses to store water and grain, and set up organizations to protect the safety of units, dormitories, materials and property. With the efforts of the broad masses, the Kuomintang did not achieve its destructive goal. Electric lights, tap water, telecommunications, ships, trains, and automobile transportation did not stop during the liberation of Nanjing. After the General Front Committee of the Battle of Crossing the Yangtze River entered Nanjing, when calling the Central Military Commission, it also specifically mentioned: "The damage in Nanjing this time is not big, and the houses are generally in good condition." "The protection of various agencies is still good, and the order is not yet in chaos. The work is done very well".

Preparations were carried out in a tense and orderly manner, and the battle to cross the river was getting closer. At this time, Chen Xiuliang also received an urgent task: to help the people's Liberation Army to raise boats to cross the river. Since the Kuomintang announced the "closure of the river" in March, it has been difficult for the PLA to find ships in Jiangbei. Therefore, the Shanghai Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China requested that on the afternoon of April 23, when the 35th Army of the People's Liberation Army arrived at Jiangbei Pukou, the Nanjing Municipal Party Committee supported the boats crossing the river. Upon receiving the order, Chen Xiuliang immediately deployed. That night, underground party branches such as Xiaguan Power Plant and Xiaguan locomotive depot ferry organized workers to drive 2 transport boats, 3 patrol boats and large and small motor boats of the ferry company to Pukou. At 4 a.m. the next day, all the 15000 troops of the 35th army crossed the river. Nanjing has returned to the embrace of the people.

Chen Xiuliang couldn't hold back his joyful mood and wrote down a press release on the liberation of Nanjing: "The Second and Third Field Army, according to the orders of Chairman Mao and Commander-in-Chief Zhu, fought bravely and crossed the Yangtze River. The enemy troops were invincible and Nanjing was liberated..." Just when the press release echoed over Nanjing, Chen Xiuliang rushed to the 35th Army headquarters and met with his old comrade and political commissar He Kexi who had fought guerrilla with him. Under the introduction of He Kexi, Chen Shiju finally saw Chen Xiuliang's "true face of Lushan Mountain". Holding Chen Xiuliang's hands, he said excitedly, "I didn't expect that the person in charge of the underground party who helped my army cross the river to liberate Nanjing turned out to be such a gentle little girl!"

Subsequently, the central government instructed the reconstruction of the Nanjing Municipal Party Committee, and Chen Xiuliang was appointed as a member of the Standing Committee of the Municipal Party Committee, Minister of the Organization Department and Director of the Women's Committee. At this point, Chen Xiuliang ended his career in the tiger's den and started a new job.

Source: Learning Times