PLA enters Shenyang with "eight chapters of the law"

Original title: PLA enters Shenyang with "eight chapters of the law"

 

Notice of the Northeast Administrative Committee on the Eight Chapters of the Law on Protecting the Interests of the People of All Classes in the City after Liberation. Provided by Liaoning Provincial Archives

One

Through the study of these two precious documents, we can find the secret of the Chinese Communist Party to successfully take over Shenyang City, that is, to strengthen discipline and do everything according to the rules.

II

The Military Control Commission has studied and formulated the guidelines, methods, division of labor and matters needing attention for taking over Shenyang, and has drawn up specific measures for receiving and the propaganda content of the notice posted after entering the city.

Three

In just four days, Shenyang resumed its previous operations, which is inseparable from the strict discipline and compliance of the PLA and the takeover personnel.

The Liaoning Provincial Archives is holding an exhibition on the theme of "The Power of Faith" learning and education. Visitors can browse two documents treasured in the museum. One was posted by the Northeast Administrative Committee on the second day of the liberation of Shenyang in 1948. After the liberation, the eight-chapter notice on protecting the interests of people from all walks of life in the city, and the other is the instruction on the discipline of capturing Shenyang and entering the city formulated by the Chinese People's Liberation Army headquarters.

On July 18, when the reporter interviewed Zhao Huanlin, director of the Liaoning Provincial Archives Bureau (Museum) Bureau (Museum), he pointed out: "through the study of these two precious documents, we can get a glimpse of the complex political environment at that time and find the secret of the Communist Party of China to successfully take over Shenyang City, that is, to strengthen discipline and do everything according to the rules."

 

The task of taking over Shenyang is arduous.

 

Taking over Shenyang is a very difficult task. At that time, Shenyang was the largest city in Northeast China and the industrial center of Northeast China. Heavy industry, especially military industry, was very developed and was second to none in the country. As early as the eve of Japan's surrender in 1945, the Party Central Committee attached great importance to the Northeast. Mao Zedong once said that he would rather lose a few southern base areas than occupy the Northeast base areas. As long as there is the Northeast, the Chinese revolution will have a solid foundation. Later, the Soviet Red Army took control of Shenyang and gave it to the Kuomintang according to the Yalta Agreement at that time.

In 1948, the Liaoshen campaign was about to win, and the preparatory work for taking over Shenyang was put on the agenda of the CPC Central Committee. The liberation of Shenyang means that the entire northeast is about to be liberated. If Shenyang can be successfully taken over, it can effectively support the national liberation war. To achieve this goal, our party must ensure the integrity of various facilities in Shenyang, otherwise many previous efforts will be in vain, so strict and meticulous regulations must be made to ensure the successful takeover of Shenyang.

The northeast was ruled by Japanese aggression for 14 years, and then the Kuomintang occupied the big cities here, while the Communist Party developed in the countryside. For the people in Shenyang, the People's Liberation Army is a relatively unfamiliar team with a weak mass base, which objectively brings certain challenges to the takeover of Shenyang.

 

Targeted policy formulation

 

The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to the takeover of Shenyang. On October 15, 1948, according to the instructions of the Central Committee, the Northeast Bureau was ready to take over Shenyang. On October 27, the Northeast Bureau decided to establish the Shenyang Special City Military Control Committee (hereinafter referred to as the Military Control Committee) to take over the work of Shenyang. The director of the Military Control Committee was Chen Yun. Two days later, Chen Yun led 4000 new and old cadres from all over the Northeast to set out from Harbin and rushed to Shenyang day and night.

In Zhao Huanlin's view, the task of taking over Shenyang was arduous because it was very different from the party's urban policy in the past. Since the Agrarian Revolutionary War, our party has seized some small and medium-sized cities, but because the enemy's strength is too strong, the cities we occupied for a while are quickly gained and lost. Therefore, when insisting on the road of encircling the city with the countryside and finally seizing the city, the urban policy adopted is generally to punish counter-revolutionaries, open warehouses to help the poor, destroy those military and transportation facilities that are beneficial to the enemy, and so on.

In the face of the new situation of the War of Liberation, it is clear that the Party's previous principles and policies for urban work are no longer applicable. To take over Shenyang, the Northeast Bureau must formulate correct urban work guidelines and policies based on Shenyang's specific conditions in order to adapt to the development requirements of the situation. Therefore, as early as the beginning of our party's entry into the Northeast, according to the specific conditions of urban work in the Northeast, the Central Committee instructed the Northeast Bureau: "In all actions, we must pay attention to policies and give a good influence to the people of all strata in the Northeast. "The factories, machinery, buildings and railway facilities in the city should be protected. At the same time, it is stipulated that the party's urban policy after our army withdraws from the big cities is: "when withdrawing from the city, we should maintain good discipline, and all other factories, machines and buildings should not be destroyed except for the materials we need and those that can be removed. These factories will still belong to me after a few years, and I am not afraid to give them to others temporarily. Railways should not be sabotaged except where it is militarily necessary."

 

Disciplinary requirements for both incoming and incoming troops

 

The Military Management Commission held many meetings to study and formulate the guidelines, methods, division of labor and precautions for taking over Shenyang, and formulated specific methods for receiving and the publicity content of the notice posted after entering the city. Both the troops entering the city and the staff taking over have discipline to observe.

Zhao Huanlin said that four of the regulations are very critical, stabilizing the situation and stabilizing the hearts of the people at the critical moment. First of all, all materials and documents left behind by the enemy and the puppet shall not be taken out. To ensure integrity, soldiers cannot even touch documents and files. Secondly, the property of the enemy and the puppet cannot be occupied by anyone before it is confirmed, including the arsenal, and it must be protected. This article is easier said than done. For the PLA, which is short of ammunition and food, strict discipline ensures that they do this. Thirdly, the takeover personnel should identify the staff under the old regime. If they are secret agents, they must be arrested, but they are not allowed to kill people. Fourth, the staff of all units in the city should be retained and paid on time. This article is particularly important for stabilizing people's hearts and resuming urban operations as soon as possible.

 

On November 2, 1948, amidst the cheers of Shenyang's liberation, our party "eight chapters of the law" to all classes in Shenyang, laying the foundation for the smooth takeover of Shenyang. If we carefully study each clause of the "Eight Chapters of the Covenant", we will find that there are many detailed provisions in the protection of people's livelihood and the maintenance of social stability. For example, "all factories, shops, companies, enterprises, banks and their affiliated warehouses and warehouses established by private capital are protected and allowed to operate as usual without infringement". At the end of the announcement, our party called on the citizens of Shenyang to "abide by it together and not to destroy it", and declared that our army "strives for the interests of the people, has strict discipline, buys and sells publicly, and does not take a needle or a thread from the people", and ensures a smooth takeover of Shenyang through practical actions.

It took only four days to restore the city to normal operations.

Chen Yun once stressed: Shenyang is the first big city accepted by our party, and we must take over it, and we cannot turn the city we have shot down into a "dead city". All serving members of the Kuomintang should be allowed to report to the people's government within the prescribed time, all work, all organs should start working, factories should start production, and commercial departments should start normal business. From now on, Shenyang is a city led by the Communist Party and must be better managed than the Kuomintang!

History has made the best proof of this takeover. In just four days, Shenyang resumed its previous operations. This is inseparable from the strict discipline and compliance of the People's Liberation Army and the takeover personnel.

On the first day of the liberation of Shenyang, the military Control Commission took the solution of electricity, transportation, and communications as the starting point for the operation of the city, and at the same time paid close attention to solving the problems of food supply and financial prices. The next day, Shenyang city on the restoration of power supply, water supply. Immediately, trams, telephones, telegrams, and communications returned to normal, and social order became increasingly stable. At that time, Shenyang grain supply was tight, financial price order was chaotic, and the Military Control Commission, based on the reality that Shenyang grain prices were higher than Tieling and Kaiyuan, proposed that prices should be set according to cost plus freight and reasonable profits to ensure Shenyang's food supply. In order to prevent materials from being hoarded and hidden, Chen Yun suggested that prices in Shenyang should not be lower than those in the old liberated areas. As a result of the measures taken to attract food into the city, to avoid the foreign businessmen rush to buy materials and prices fell behind the rise and other unfavorable situation. Some businessmen do not know the value of the currency and prices, dare not open the market, so that the market withered. In response to this phenomenon, the Military Control Commission quickly published a price table for the surrounding areas of Shenyang to encourage commercial opening. The Military Control Commission also set a date and asked the masses to exchange the gold round coupons and the circulation coupons of the nine northeastern provinces into the northeast currency issued and circulated by the Northeast Bank according to the prescribed proportion, procedures and places, and convert the wages of about 150000 public education workers into grain according to the standard. On the fourth day, the closed door of the store was opened, the unemployed workers received food and living expenses, the staff received the current month's salary, and the hearts of the people stabilized.

 

Set up a model for taking over big cities

 

In order to support the front line, after the factory resumed production, under the mobilization of the takeover personnel, the workers worked overtime, and the output of many enterprises, including smelters, military factories, rubber factories, quilt factories, and textile factories, doubled. Shenyang clothing factory in a short period of time rushed to produce 320000 sets of winter clothing, 180000 sets of summer clothing; Shenyang Arsenal repaired a large number of guns, tanks, armored vehicles and thousands of artillery, these military supplies were transported to the front line in time, effectively supporting the national war of liberation.

According to the request and report system at that time, on November 28, 1948, Chen Yun wrote a report on "the experience of receiving Shenyang", which was submitted to the Northeast Bureau and forwarded to the CPC Central Committee. Chen Yun's report explains the experience of taking over Shenyang from seven aspects. This is the first time that our party has accepted a big city. The successful practice here provides experience for other cities to take over. Chen Yun's report was forwarded to the central bureaus and front committees through the CPC Central Committee and became a model for taking over other cities.

 

On April 25, 1949, Mao Zedong and Zhu De issued the "Announcement of the Chinese People's Liberation Army", announcing the "Eight Chapters of the Treaty". After comparison, we found that the new "eight chapters of the law" and Shenyang's "eight chapters of the law" have the same relationship. Both emphasize the need to protect the lives and property of the people; both have established a position to protect national industry and commerce; at the same time, they have adopted a policy of confiscation in the treatment of bureaucratic capital; both have included all public facilities in the city to avoid damage; both protect foreign The lives and property of expatriates are safe. although some details have been adjusted in the new 'eight chapters of the law,

However, always safeguarding the interests of the people everywhere embodies the purpose of our party and our army to serve the people wholeheartedly, and it is still worth learning to this day.

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Reporter Zhang Xiaoli

Source: Liaoning Daily