The Great Contribution and Far-reaching Significance of the "Ten Million Project"

According to the unified arrangement of the second reading class of the Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee to study and implement Xi Jinping's new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the Provincial Party Committee Theoretical Learning Center Group held a special study meeting on the morning of May 20th to learn in-depth the two important instructions of General Secretary Xi Jinping on the "Ten Thousand Project" and "Pujiang Experience". Deeply understand that General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches great importance to and guides the promotion of comprehensive rural revitalization, urban-rural integration, urban-rural integration and urban-rural development and do a good job, and people's petition work, highlight the political, Zhejiang, and practical flavor of the theme education, and promote party members and cadres in the province to more firmly and consciously follow the general secretary, forge ahead in a new journey, and build a new era.

　　The great contribution of the "ten million project"
The "Ten Thousand Thousand Project" is a major decision that Comrade Xi Jinping personally planned, deployed, and promoted when he was working in Zhejiang. In June 2003, Comrade Xi Jinping made a major decision to implement the "Ten Thousand Thousand Project": select about 10000 administrative villages from the province for comprehensive renovation, and build about 1000 of the central villages into comprehensive well-off demonstration villages. "Demonstration and renovation of ten thousand villages" came into being. Over the past 20 years, the "ten million project" has experienced four stages: demonstration and guidance, overall promotion, deepening and upgrading, transformation and upgrading, and has experienced the evolution from the survival demand of food and clothing to the development demand of well-off development and common prosperity. It has realized the iterative upgrading from "demonstration of thousands of villages and renovation of thousands of villages" to "excellent products and beauty of thousands of villages", and then to "future of thousands of villages and common prosperity.
Over the past 20 years, the "Ten Thousand Thousand Project" has made great contributions and far-reaching significance. It has not only created thousands of beautiful villages in Zhejiang, but also benefited thousands of farmers and achieved remarkable results. On September 26, 2018, the "Ten Thousand Project" won the United Nations "Guardian of the Earth Award". In May 2020, Zhejiang became China's first ecological province. After 20 years of practice and iterative upgrading of the "ten million project", the connotation and significance of the "ten million project" have been continuously deepened and sublimated. The "ten million project" has not only changed the rural living environment, but also touched all aspects of rural development, profoundly changed the rural development concept, industrial structure, public service, governance mode and urban-rural relationship. Therefore, the "ten million project" is not only a rural construction project for the renovation and improvement of rural human settlement environment, but also a project of benefiting the people, a project of popular support and a project of common prosperity, and a basic and pivotal project for the development of rural revitalization and the integrated development of urban and rural areas.
In the past 20 years, the "ten million project" has brought significant positive effects on the rural living environment, public services, industrial development and farmers' income in Zhejiang Province. Among them, the most direct and obvious change to the countryside is the improvement of the living environment. With the continuous iterative upgrading of the "ten million project", the public service facilities and service capacity of rural areas have been greatly improved. The establishment of village cultural auditorium not only provides a stable place for villagers' activities, but also provides space for rural culture and history to carry and display, and some of them have become an integral part of the agricultural, cultural and tourism industry. The construction of digital infrastructure has promoted the rapid development of digital villages. The digital level of rural areas in Zhejiang is nearly 30% higher than that of the national villages. It not only promotes the digital consumption of rural residents, but also promotes the digital development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries, and greatly promotes The digitalization of the governance system of rural collective economic organizations, the co-construction and sharing of public services such as rural education and medical care, and the development of alliances between villages. The "ten million project" has improved the living environment and public services, in fact, it has also improved the business environment in rural areas and optimized the development space of rural industries. The most obvious thing is that after 20 years of construction and deepening of the "ten million projects", many traditional villages have evolved into development spaces suitable for living, working and traveling, not just living spaces for villagers. This has greatly promoted the integrated development, multi-functional development and urban-rural integration of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in Zhejiang's rural areas, turning many beautiful rural butterflies into beautiful economies, and making the concept that villages need to be built and managed more has become an important consensus for the development of Zhejiang's rural areas. And trends. The direct or indirect effects of Zhejiang's "ten million project" in rural living environment, public services and industrial development are reflected in the majority of rural residents, that is, the improvement of their living environment, the improvement of living standards and the continuous growth of personal and family income. In 2022, the per capita disposable income of rural residents in Zhejiang reached 37565 yuan, ranking first in the country for 38 consecutive years. Zhejiang is developing and building a demonstration zone for common prosperity with high quality. Although there are still imbalances and gaps in urban and rural areas, regions, and income, relatively speaking, these gaps are not very large. This cannot but be said to be related to the 20-year "Ten million projects" The multiple effects produced are related.

　The Far-reaching Significance of "Ten Million Project"
The "Ten Thousand Project" is of far-reaching significance and can be viewed and analyzed from different perspectives. From the perspective of rural construction, the "ten million project" is the rural "construction project", which gives us at least four enlightenment meanings. First, rural construction should not only adhere to the government-led, but also attach importance to the introduction of market forces. Vigorously implement rural construction actions, the demand for funds is very large, and it is not enough to rely solely on the strength of the government. While increasing the government's investment in rural construction, we must innovate the ideas of rural construction, give full play to the leverage of the government's fiscal and financial policies, introduce market mechanisms, construct interest mechanisms, and attract enterprises, society, village collectives and villagers' multiple entities. Investing and participating in rural construction will be an important way to solve the problems of insufficient supply and shortage of funds in rural construction. Second, rural construction should not only realize effective supply, but also realize effective management and protection. In practice, the construction of public infrastructure in rural communities lags behind the needs of development, which is not only related to the lack of supply, but also related to the poor operation and management of these project facilities. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the problem of the government, enterprises, collectives, farmers and other subjects who will operate and manage the public infrastructure of rural communities. The basic idea is to clarify the ownership of property rights of relevant public facilities and their management and protection subjects, strengthen the regulation of public facilities and their supervision and supervision, give full play to the autonomous function of the rural community governance system, and introduce the market mechanism in the operation and management of rural public infrastructure. Third, rural construction should not only prevent large-scale demolition and construction, but also avoid inefficient allocation. In other words, rural construction should not only prevent large-scale demolition and construction that is divorced from the natural and cultural characteristics of the countryside, or even infringe on the rights and interests of farmers, but also avoid ignoring the spatial effect and scale effect characteristics of rural public infrastructure, and avoid the inefficient configuration that remains unchanged. This means that the rural construction covering villages and extending to households is not a static process, but a dynamic process. Under the guidance of rural planning, it reflects the relative concentration of rural population, the continuous optimization of spatial layout, and the continuous improvement of public service efficiency. process. Fourth, rural construction should not only pay attention to universal, basic, bottom-up, but also pay attention to development. Rural construction must proceed from its own reality and reflect the stage characteristics of rural development. In the stage of food and clothing society, rural construction mainly focuses on the basic, inclusive and comprehensive survival rural construction, but in the well-off society and even higher social stage, rural construction should reflect the characteristics of development. At the present stage of rural construction in China, most areas attach importance to reflecting the multi-functional development of the countryside, and rural construction should be combined with rural industry, ecology, culture, governance and public services to promote the transformation and promotion of rural value. to achieve faster and better development of the countryside. The experience of Zhejiang's "ten million project" shows that rural construction, which is organically combined with the stage of rural development and the function of rural development, can accommodate multiple construction subjects and a variety of operating mechanisms. it is an important way to effectively solve the weak supply, poor management and protection, single form and insufficient vitality of rural construction.
From the perspective of rural construction governance, "ten million project" is also a "governance project". In the past 20 years, Zhejiang has given full play to the effectiveness of various governance systems in the practice of the "Ten Thousand Thousand Project" and explored and established a "four-in-one" governance system, which has extremely important theoretical and application value. One is the "party and government unity" of the governance. The key to Zhejiang's "ten million project" is to give full play to the system function of vertical governance of "unity of party and government. First of all, adhere to the "first hand" personally grasp. Persist in listing the "ten million project" as the "secretary project", implement the "top leader" responsibility system, establish a system for the main leaders of the party and government at all levels to contact one village, and form a promotion mechanism for the "five-level secretaries" to jointly grasp and manage. Secondly, adhere to the coordination of all parties and hierarchical responsibility. Leading groups for the "Ten Thousand Thousand Project" have been set up at all levels to establish a work promotion mechanism and implementation mechanism under the leadership of the party committee, the responsibility of the government, the implementation of functional departments, and the joint participation of multiple parties. The second is the precise governance of "the unity of wisdom and governance. In the process of the implementation of the "Ten Thousand Project", in view of the problem that although there are regulatory measures in the management of public goods, but the responsibilities of the main body of regulation are not clear and not in place, the regulation method of matching the compaction of local responsibility with digitization and informationization is explored. It has explored the selection and arrangement of "simplified" system, such as river chief system, Taoist chief system, director system, forest chief system and field chief system. The comprehensive promotion of the "No. 1 Project" of the digital economy in the agricultural and rural areas will match digital and information technology with the "Ten Million Project" responsibility system to achieve precise accountability and precise governance of "integration of wisdom and governance. Three is the "mobilization of the masses" of flexible governance. The masses should not only be activated and driven, but also be motivated through appropriate institutional arrangements, of which rule by virtue and autonomy are the key. The first is to deepen villagers' self-government. Establish villagers' mutual aid associations, councils, township promotion associations and other relevant autonomous organizations to promote self-management, self-supervision and self-service of rural public affairs. The second is to strengthen the protection of the rule of law. Guide the cadres and the masses to form a rural rule of law order that consciously abides by the law, the whole people understand the law, and find the law when things go wrong. Once again, it is to stimulate the vitality of the rule of virtue. We should combine rural civilization with governance, give full play to the guidance of excellent traditional culture on villagers' behavior, and mobilize the enthusiasm of the masses to participate with the power of advocating morality for good. Fourth, "incentive compatible" market governance. The market mechanism is the system that can best reflect the integration of incentives and constraints. Not only in the non-public field, but also in the public field, it can also play an efficient role through certain system design. In the construction of the "ten million project", Zhejiang actively introduces the market mechanism, endows relevant subjects (farmers and enterprises) with the right to use and operate ecological resources and public facilities construction (or management and protection), constantly enriches the connotation of rural human settlement environment, improves the level of human settlement environment, activates the human settlement environment market, and transforms rural public products into market products, Promote the transformation from "green water and green mountains" to "golden mountains and silver mountains, at the same time, the public behavior of the relevant subjects is changed. This series of arrangements not only promotes the development of various rural leisure industries, efficient ecological agriculture, the interconnection and integrated development of urban and rural elements, but also realizes the rural natural ecological environment, the protection of human settlements and facilities, the development of green economy, and the improvement of public services. Mutual promotion.
The four-in-one system design and arrangement of Zhejiang's "Ten Thousand Thousand Project" fully reflects the mutual coordination of party and government leaders and mass participation in public affairs and public product governance in rural communities, the functional complementarity of the branch system and the market system, and other governance and autonomy The reasonable matching, the mutual integration of the rule of law and the rule of virtue, and the effective combination of mathematics and wisdom and governance are the effective supply and operation management of community public goods in rural construction, it provides a governance model with both theoretical innovation and Chinese characteristics and practice, which is worth learning from.
Facing the new journey, Zhejiang continues to deepen and upgrade the "ten million project", with the "ten million project" as the traction and leader, the beautiful countryside as the background, the future countryside as the vision, and the pursuit of common prosperity. It is committed to the construction of livable, workable and beautiful villages, To build a new pattern of rural development of "thousands of villages to the future, thousands of villages run for common prosperity, and the whole area is beautiful", and promote the revitalization of rural industry, accelerate the new path of provincial practice to comprehensively promote rural revitalization and realize agricultural and rural modernization.

[author: Huang Zuhui, special researcher, chief expert of China Rural Development Research Institute of Zhejiang University]]