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Ice and Snow Changjin: The Contest between Steel Will and Steel
In the second battle of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the battle of the 9th Corps of Volunteers in the Changjin Lake area was an asymmetric battle with great disparity in strength. It was a battle between beggar and Dragon King Bibao. The degree of hardship was no less than that of the Long March. Under extremely difficult conditions, the 9th Corps relied on steel will to achieve its combat objectives and defeated the strong enemy with steel equipment.
With steel execution force, he rushed into the DPRK. On October 23, 1950, the Central Military Commission ordered the 9th Corps: Song (Shilun) Corps to carry out political mobilization and military training as soon as possible, and prepare to open an army to the northeast first. At this time, the 9th Corps is training in situ in Shandong. On the 24th, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai met Song Shilun. Mao Zedong said: The Changjin Lake area is located behind the volunteer army on the western front. A line must be drawn here, and the "United Nations army" must not be allowed to cross this line.
For the 9th Corps, there are many difficulties: first, it is necessary to do a good job in the ideological mobilization of officers and soldiers to fight with the US military "armed to the teeth" in a short period of time; second, the 9th Corps has carried out cross-sea landing combat training in the past year, coupled with the transfer of a large number of cadres and backbones, the army has many new cadres; third, weapons and equipment need to be readjusted, and the problem of catching cold clothes is imminent.
Song Shilun did not mention any difficulties, and decided to immediately end the training, act quickly, and order the troops to mobilize while walking, and carry out ideological and political work. In the absence of cold clothes and almost no logistical support, all the commanders and fighters of the 9th Corps did not make any conditions or demands, and directly marched to North Korea with steel execution. He Jinnian, then deputy commander of the Northeast Military Region, recalled: Comrade Shilun was very straightforward and talked to me about the serious lack of winter clothes in the army due to hasty action and insufficient preparation. I immediately ordered the transfer of all the former Japanese military coats and cotton shoes stored in the military region warehouse to the 9th Corps. However, due to the limited quantity of these materials, they could not fully meet the needs of the Corps. These soldiers from the south of the Yangtze River even saw snow for the first time. They braved the severe cold of minus 40 degrees Celsius to enter the Gaima Plateau in eastern North Korea. The poorly equipped and poorly dressed 9th Corps fought against the US military under such harsh natural conditions.
Stealth to meet the enemy under the U.S. air campaign with steel discipline. Mao Zedong telegraphed Peng Dehuai on November 5: The 9th Corps is fully engaged in the eastern front, with the policy of luring the enemy to search for opportunities and annihilating the enemy, in order to reverse the eastern front. On the 6th, Peng Dehuai called Song Shilun and Tao Yong: The Song Corps in the eastern battlefield (east of Xiao Bai Mountain) should lure the enemy into the old Jinli and Changjin lines for the purpose of eliminating the two regiments of the 1st Division of the US Land War. Song Shilun immediately ordered the 20th Army to go straight to Ji 'an (now Ji 'an) to fight in North Korea. The rear command post led by Tao Yong directly issued an order to the passing trains at Shenyang Railway Station. Song Shilun led the forward command post to organize, coordinate and direct all troops of the Corps to cross the river in Ji'an.
According to Song Shilun's analysis, the most important thing at that time was to conceal the attempt to launch an attack from the enemy's surprise and give the US military a head-on blow on the eastern front. On November 7, Song Shilun commanded the 9th Corps to enter the DPRK in concealment. The long line marched quietly in the night, and the biting cold wind penetrated the thin military uniforms of the soldiers. For the first time, they deeply experienced the body feeling brought by the Siberian cold current.
In order to complete the final offensive within two weeks and allow US officers and soldiers to go home for Christmas, the US Air Force launched a two-week air campaign on November 8 to destroy all international bridges on the North Korean side of the China-North Korea border with maximum force. In the meantime, the U.S. Air Force dispatched an average of more than 1000 sorties of various types of aircraft every day, dropping 41127 tons of bombs, transporting 54430 tons of materials, sending 77495 troops, firing 9585 rockets and destroying 7361 vehicles.
Only a few transport vehicles of the 9th Corps were bombed, the supply line equipment could not be transported, and all heavy artillery was forced to stay in place. The troops were lightly armed, accompanied by artillery, and maneuvered on foot, without stopping, and marched rapidly towards the Changjin Lake area. Nearly 80000 troops from the 20th Army, the 27th Army and the Corps Department all entered the east and west areas of Changjin Lake, where the enemy was scheduled to be wiped out, within a week. The officers and soldiers could not eat for several days, and the weather was freezing, so they could only camp in the snow, causing great harm to the lurking troops who were holding on. Many officers and soldiers were frozen to death and frostbitten. The secret campaign of the 9th Corps, which was not discovered by its opponents, was later hailed by American media as one of the miracles in the history of contemporary warfare.
The will of iron and steel will finally defeat the strong enemy armed with iron and steel. On the evening of November 27, heavy snow fell in the Changjin Lake area, and the temperature dropped to minus 30 degrees Celsius. The 9th Corps divided and surrounded most of the 1st U.S. Marine Division and more than one regiment of the 7th U.S. Division in the Changjin Lake area, and immediately launched a fierce attack. The battle on the first night was in a stalemate, and the besieged enemy was hit hard. However, the attack troops of the 9th Corps also suffered heavy casualties. The frostbite reduction of two divisions reached 1/3 of the total reduction.
On November 29, the 1st U.S. Land War Division, with the cooperation of aircraft and tanks, launched an attack on the 1071.1 Heights southeast of Jieryu. The 1071.1 highland is at the intersection of "Y" shape in Xinxing Li, Liutan Li and Xia Jie Yu Li. The third platoon led by Yang Gensi, the third company commander of the 172 regiment of the 58th division of the 20th army, is guarding the highland. At 10: 00 a.m., after the 1st division of the U.S. land war launched 8 attacks, there were only 2 wounded in the 3rd platoon and all ammunition was used up. Yang Gensi picked up the only explosive bag, rushed into the enemy group and died with the enemy, using his life to defend the position.
According to the battlefield situation, the 9th Corps made a new operational deployment: first, it concentrated its absolutely superior forces to annihilate the enemy in Xinxing, and then transferred its forces to annihilate the enemies in Liutanli and Xiageryu one by one. On November 30, the battle in Xinxing began. By dawn on December 1, four infantry regiments broke through the forward positions of the US military and compressed the enemy into a small area in Xinxing Village. The 31st U.S. Regiment Combat Team suffered heavy casualties. Commander Colonel Faith led the rest of the team to break through the south at 13:00 on the 1st and was immediately blocked by the 241st Regiment of the Volunteer Army. The 242 Regiment of the 27th Army and the 80th Division of the Volunteer Army violently attacked the U.S. Army from the U.S. Army's side, front and rear, and wiped out the U.S. 31st Regiment Combat Team in the Xinxing Li and Xindaili regions, creating a model battle case in which the Volunteer Army wiped out a strengthened U.S. Army regiment with inferior equipment and modern equipment on the Korean battlefield.
On December 7, the 26th army launched an attack on the remnants of the 1st division of the American land war in xiaojieli. the 20th army relied on its already occupied position to block the enemy retreating south layer by layer. At 14:30, under the cover of aircraft, the enemy in xiadieyuli broke through the volunteer position and fled to the ancient Tuli area. On the 9th, the 1st Division of the U.S. Land War saw a shocking scene on the position on the pass road south of Gutuli: rows of volunteer soldiers were lying on the position of minus 40 degrees Celsius, holding steel guns and grenades, maintaining a neat battle formation and posture, but did not fire. Several bold American soldiers climbed up the volunteer positions, only to find that the entire company had been frozen into ice sculptures. "Ice Sculpture Company" has become a spiritual monument, forever engraved in the history of the Chinese People's Liberation Army!
The Watergate Bridge is the only way for the U.S. 1st Division to retreat. Once the bridge is bombed, the U.S. military's heavy equipment will not be able to pass through. The bridge was blown up twice by volunteers and soon repaired by the U.S. military. When the bridge was blown up for the third time, the 27th Army formed two companies of "death squads". Everyone carried explosives and blew up the bridge and the base with flesh and blood.
The 1st U.S. Marine Division is the ace force of the U.S. Army. In the Battle of Changjin Lake, the division experienced the most painful defeat in history. The Americans called the Battle of Changjin Lake "the most difficult ordeal in the history of the Marine Corps". After the first world war, the United States issued a century of "what would happen if such soldiers mastered the same technology and equipment as ours!
Source: Learning Times
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