Ruijin: Our Party's Initial Experimental Field of Governing the Country

With great political courage and pioneering spirit, the Communist Party of China convened the First National Congress of the Chinese Soviet Union (hereinafter referred to as the "One Soviet Congress") in Ruijin, Jiangxi in November 1931, and announced the establishment of the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic. Ruijin became the cradle of the Republic. The Central Soviet area, with Ruijin as the center, was the largest, most important and most representative Soviet area in the country at that time, and became the most important experimental field for the Communist Party of China in governing the country.

The most capable central government: the first national democratic regime of workers and peasants in Chinese history

On November 7, 1931, Ruijin Yeping, Zhanggui fragrance. The "Founding Ceremony" of the Chinese Soviet Republic-the "One Soviet Congress" opened here. This is a memorable day in the history of the Chinese revolution. Because, the workers and peasants in the Soviet area really began to turn over and become masters and participate in the management of state power. Under this bright banner, the revolutionary fighting spirit of the working masses in China was greatly encouraged, and they saw the dawn and hope of new China.

During the "First Soviet Congress", the delegates listened to the political report made by Mao Zedong; listened to and discussed the labor law issues, land law issues, and Red Army issues made by Xiang Ying, Zhang Dingcheng, Zhu De, Zhou Yili, Wang Jiaxiang, Deng Guangren and others., Economic policy issues, ethnic minority issues, workers' and peasants' procuratorial issues report; passed relevant laws and resolutions on Red Army issues, economic policies, etc; A 63-member Central Executive Committee was elected.

The Chinese Soviet Republic is the first national democratic regime of workers and peasants in Chinese history. It is an important attempt of our party to govern in some areas and has become the embryonic form and cornerstone of the People's Republic of China. Its establishment further strengthened the construction of the Soviet area, expanded the influence of the party and the red regime, created a new situation in the Agrarian Revolutionary War, and also provided for the construction of our party's base areas during the War of Resistance against Japan and the War of Liberation and the construction of the political power of New China. Valuable historical experience.

Activeing and Developing the Economy: A Pioneering Cause Led by the Party

Under the leadership of the party and the Soviet government, the military and civilians in the Soviet area pioneered the development of agriculture, industry, foreign trade and cooperative economy, proposed measures such as protecting the private economy and "establishing a complete factory director responsibility system", and worked hard to break the tight economic blockade of the Kuomintang. The vibrant scene of the Soviet area is in sharp contrast to the scene of the decline of industries and the people's livelihood in the Kuomintang-ruled area at that time.

The economy of the Soviet area is mainly agricultural economy, and vigorously developing agricultural production is the most important task in economic construction. The restoration and development of agricultural production not only guaranteed the basic life of the people in the Soviet area, but also laid a solid material foundation for the revolutionary war and economic construction.

The party and the Soviet government overcame all kinds of difficulties to establish and develop their own industry. Soviet industrial production, mainly handicraft production. While encouraging the development of individual handicraft production, the Soviet government also strengthened the leadership of industrial production cooperatives. In addition, the Soviet area also opened a number of small-scale coal, iron, sulfur and other mining farms, including the Central Printing Factory, China Commercial Company Paper Mill, Ruijin Textile Mill, Yudu Communication Material Factory, and so on. The initial rise of industry in the Soviet area provided a strong material guarantee for breaking the enemy's "encirclement and suppression", and at the same time accumulated rich experience for the party and government to lead industrial construction.

The Soviet government overcame many difficulties, carried out economic and trade exchanges with the Kuomintang-ruled areas, and set up foreign trade institutions to exchange surplus raw products from the Soviet area (grain, tungsten sand, wood, tobacco, paper, etc.) with industrial products from the white area (salt, cloth, foreign oil, etc.). In addition, the finance, finance, post and telecommunications, transportation and other undertakings in the Soviet area have also carried out pioneering construction and achieved unprecedented results. For example, in November 1930, in order to regulate finance, preserve cash, and develop the social economy, the Minxi Soviet government decided to establish the Minxi Workers and Peasants Bank, which planned to raise 200000 yuan, divided into 200000 shares, each 1 yuan. It was the earliest worker-peasant financial institution in China and also issued the earliest shares.

The economic construction of the Soviet area was a pioneering cause led by the Party in the extremely difficult war environment, and in practice gradually formed a prototype of a new democratic economy that was completely different from the semi-colonial and semi-feudal social economy. At the "Second Soviet Congress", Mao Zedong comprehensively and systematically summed up the experience of economic construction, expounded the principles and policies of economic construction, and discussed some principles of new democratic economic thought. For example, "the principle of our economic policy is to carry out all possible and necessary economic construction, concentrate economic power to supply war, and at the same time strive to improve people's lives, consolidate the economic alliance between workers and peasants, ensure the leadership of the proletariat over the peasants, strive for the leadership of the state-owned economy over the private economy, and create a prerequisite for the future development of socialism"; "For the private economy, as long as it is not outside the scope of government laws, Not only do not prevent it, but also promote and reward it" and so on.

"A New World of Freedom and Light": Social and Cultural Education Leading the New Fashion of Red China

Under the extremely simple material conditions, the party and the Soviet government took a series of measures to vigorously improve the cultural level and ideological awareness of the people in the Soviet area, and the Soviet society showed a new atmosphere. The Red China News Agency, the "Red China" newspaper, and the "Red Star" were successively established in Ruijin, like lightning in the dark, spreading the vigorous vitality of the Soviet area to all directions. The masses of workers and peasants began to gain the right to enjoy culture and education.

The cultural and educational movement led by the Soviet government has put an end to the history of illiteracy or little literacy for generations. It not only helps to improve the deep understanding of the Soviet movement among the workers and peasants, but also greatly enriches the spiritual life of the masses. The wall newspapers and billboards run by the people on the roadside of the village head and the sound of reading everywhere in urban and rural areas all show the great achievements of cultural and educational construction in the Soviet area.

The party and the Soviet government led the broad masses of women to launch a fierce impact on the backward and barbaric feudal marriage system, and put forward slogans such as "implementing freedom of marriage", "opposing arranged marriage", "opposing the bringing of child brides" and "opposing the keeping of maidservants and concubines", which were warmly supported by the broad masses of women. In November 1931, the "Regulations on Marriage in the Chinese Soviet Republic" passed at the first meeting of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union was the first democratic and progressive marriage law in Chinese history to implement the freedom of marriage between men and women. Since then, women in the Soviet area have been liberated in marriage.

Through social governance, the workers and peasants in the Soviet area are in high spirits and jubilant; urban and rural areas are everywhere laughing and laughing. As Mao Zedong said at the "Second Soviet Congress": "Whoever wants to come to our Soviet area to have a look, then immediately see a new world of freedom and light."

The Tempering of Blood and Fire: Forging the Pillar Talents for Governing the Country and the People

Under the exemplary leadership of Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai and other leaders, the party and Soviet governments at all levels strengthened the education of party members and cadres in honesty and public service, and took effective measures to punish corruption, which gave birth to the good style of Soviet cadres and the great spirit of the Soviet area. The Soviet government became an "unprecedented and truly clean government" in Chinese history ".

At the beginning of the establishment of the Chinese Soviet Republic, anti-corruption and anti-corruption was included as an important task on the agenda, relevant systems were established and mass supervision was mobilized, and corruption cases exposed in party and government agencies were publicly exposed and resolutely investigated. The "Second Soviet Congress" pointed out that in fiscal policy, "all Soviet personnel should be made to understand that corruption and waste is a great crime. We should fight resolutely against corruption and waste, although we have made some achievements in the past, we should redouble our efforts in the future". After the conference, the Chinese Soviet Republic promulgated regulations and established an audit supervision system. From April 1933 to March 1934, the Soviet Provisional Central Government and the Soviet Government of Jiangxi Province successively investigated and dealt with major and important cases such as Zhong Tieqing, chairman of the Soviet Government of Shengli County, and the "Yudu incident", which won the hearts of the people.

Under extremely difficult conditions, leading cadres at all levels and the broad masses "have salt and salt, and no salt and light", think about what the masses think, be anxious about what the masses are anxious, sincerely work for the interests of the masses, and cultivate close ties with the masses. The fine style of work. During the Soviet period, a large number of cadres who had both ability and political integrity, worked hard, and served the people wholeheartedly. They not only became the backbone of the leadership during the War of Resistance Against Japan and the War of Liberation, but also became the backbone of the leadership of the New China Party and the country. The Central Soviet Area has also created a large number of leading cadres at all levels who held major leading positions in various ministries and commissions of the central government and various provinces and cities after the founding of New China. At that time, the Central Soviet area, with Ruijin as the center, was worthy of the forging furnace of the Chinese Communist Party's hidden dragons and tigers and elites, and a gathering place for people of insight and outstanding talents of the Chinese nation.

Reprinted from: Learning Times