Mao Zedong's research is exquisite

Mao Zedong in research

In May 1961, a "survey on" investigation and research "was sent to Mao Zedong's desk. This material puts forward the "more than ten less" problems that should be paid attention to in the process of Daxing investigation and research: more cadres are in charge, less leading cadres are in charge; There are more boundless and less preparations. There are more floating above and less going deep into the lower levels. There are more people looking up to the sky and fewer primary school students. More people are swaying and less are taking part in labor. More people eat canteens, less people eat big canteens; more people live in hostels and fewer people live in workers' dormitories; more clean, less greasy; more things to take away, less things to leave behind; more "pregnancy in October" and less "delivery in one dynasty.

In this regard, Mao Zedong instructed: "This article is printed and distributed to all comrades of the working conference. At the same time, it is printed and distributed to all party groups of all departments of the central and state organs. The investigation team should be trained to explain the policies, attitudes and methods, regardless of the urban and rural areas, regardless of the large number of people, so that the investigation will not achieve its purpose, arouse the resentment of grass-roots comrades, and make the investigation such a good thing, but a disaster."

Investigation and research is a hard work, but also a serious work. To really do a good job requires the right attitude and methods. In this regard, Mao Zedong has a full say. From the study tour of "penniless and worrying about the world" during the first division of Hunan, to a series of social surveys in southern Jiangxi and western Fujian during the revolutionary years, to the reports of 34 ministries and commissions that were concentrated for more than a month to prepare for the eighth CPC National Congress after the founding of New China, Mao Zedong left behind a series of classic works, such as the investigation report on Hunan Peasant Movement, the investigation on the Ten Relations, and laid an important understanding foundation for exploring the road of revolution and construction suited to china's national conditions.

Mao Zedong conducted research, focusing on five issues.

First, how does the research topic come about? It is not a slap on the head, but a "problem-oriented". Mao Zedong once said: "whenever there is no way to worry, we should investigate and study. Once we investigate and study, the solution will come out and the problem will be solved." The "Investigation Report on the Peasant Movement in Hunan" was produced to resolve the debate within the party about whether the peasant movement was "excessive" and "naive. From January 4, 1927, Mao Zedong spent 32 days and traveled more than 70 kilometers to investigate the five counties of Xiangtan, Xiangxiang, Hengshan, Liling, and Changsha. After he returned to Changsha, he made several reports to the Hunan District Committee of the Communist Party of China. Therefore, the Hunan District Committee of the Communist Party of China corrected the right deviation in the agricultural movement work, and laid a good mass foundation for the large-scale autumn harvest uprising and the riots in southern Hunan a few months later.

Second, how to choose the research object? Mao Zedong believes that it should be typical. The more materials are collected, the better, but we must grasp the main points or characteristics, that is, the main aspects of the contradiction. In a speech directing the research, he said, "A comrade has to ask, 'Of the ten things I investigated, nine of them, and only one of them didn't investigate, do you have a say? 'I thought that if the nine things you investigated were all secondary things and you threw away the main things, then you would still have no say." Looking for research models should be divided according to different situations. For example, agriculture is divided by geography. "The whole country understands two townships, one in the south and one in the north, and has a basic concept of China's rural areas". Industry is divided into industries, "such as coal mines, metallurgy, machinery, etc., it is almost enough to know one factory and mine". Mao Zedong called this method of gradual deepening through individual models "dissecting sparrows".

Third, in what form did the research take? Mao Zedong liked to hold investigation meetings and conduct discussion-style investigations. He believes that it is easy to make mistakes by only one person's method of telling his experience; it is impossible to draw near-correct conclusions by simply asking questions for a moment without raising the central question and debating it at the conference table. Before an investigation meeting is held, preparations should be made in advance to determine the outline of the investigation, which should be meticulous. At the meeting, the investigator asked questions according to the outline and summarized the opinions of the crowd. If it is unknown or dissenting, the debate will be raised again. The number of meetings will be determined by the investigator. Those who are good at command can have as many as a dozen or twenty people, and most of them can get a more correct answer. If the command ability is lacking, at least three people are needed, otherwise they will be caught up in what they have seen and do not conform to the real situation.

Fourth, how to make the cadres and the masses tell the truth? The characteristics of each person are different, and the methods to be adopted are also different. But Mao Zedong believes that "the main point is to be friends with the masses, not to be a detective, which makes people hate". He saw it very clearly: "The masses do not tell the truth because they do not know whether your purpose is beneficial to them." So, to "give them some time to grope your heart, gradually so that they can understand your true meaning".

Of course, we should also be prepared for the dazzling actual situation that may be encountered in the investigation. After the founding of New China, when Mao Zedong sent people to Henan to investigate the people's commune movement, he specifically instructed that he should be able to keep a cool head. Don't be accompanied by leaders at all levels. If you want to find the production team leader, you should only find the production team leader. If you want to talk to the masses, you should not find cadres. If you want to find the county party committee secretary, you should only ask him to talk, because when there are too many people talking, you will have concerns. Therefore, if you are diligent in using your brains, you can better understand the real situation of the research. Mao Zedong had an incisive summary: "The masses do not tell the truth, do not blame the masses, only blame themselves."

Fifth, who will record the investigation? Mao Zedong repeatedly stressed: "It is a key point of the investigation to record yourself." Most of Mao Zedong's records and summaries during his research were completed by himself. At the age of 69, he also said that although many research records were made when he was energetic, "now the survey requires me to make detailed records, maybe it's okay, I want to give it a try".

Mao Zedong did not engage in research and study. He put on a blue cloth gown, pedaled on straw sandals, picked up an umbrella and walked through the streets, visited shops and farmhouses, and worked with farmers in the fields. Investigation is a working method for scientific decision-making and preventing mistakes. It is an important way to listen to the voice of the masses, feel the sufferings of the masses, sum up the experience of the masses, and absorb the wisdom of the masses. We should not go through the motions in order to cope with the task, let alone become a "show field" to compare political achievements ". In this regard, Mao Zedong to the actual action set an example.

Source: bright net