PARTY BUILDING
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Mao Zedong's Discussion on the System Construction of New China
When the footsteps of history to 1949, the victory of the Chinese revolution is just around the corner. At this major turning point, the CPC Central Committee held a meeting of the political Bureau from January 6 to 8, focusing on the inner-party directive "the current situation and the Party's tasks in 1949" drafted by Mao Zedong, calling on the whole party to carry out the revolution to the end. At the conclusion of the meeting, Mao Zedong said earnestly: "If the task of the national revolution is completed, it will take 30 years to shovel the foundation. But to build a house, this task will take decades." The so-called "shoveling the foundation" is to abolish the feudal system and bureaucratic capitalist system of old China, and "building a house" is to establish the socialist system of new China. Facts show that Mao Zedong made profound theoretical thinking on this issue during the revolutionary period and made great achievements in his practical exploration after the founding of New China.
Who will lead the house"
After the Opium War in 1840, China gradually became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. The Chinese people were in dire straits, and the Chinese nation was facing the danger of national subjugation and extinction. In order to find a way out to save the country and the people, various classes and political forces have stepped onto the stage of history, but the peasant uprising, constitutional monarchy, bourgeois republic and other programs have failed one after another. Later, Mao Zedong summed up this period of history and pointed out: "to guide the great revolution, there must be a great party". "Without a revolutionary party, without a revolutionary party established in accordance with Marxist-Leninist revolutionary theory and revolutionary style, it is impossible to lead the working class and the broad masses of the people to defeat imperialism and its running dogs".
Although the Communist Party of China was only a small political party on the political stage when it was founded, it not only shouldered the historical mission of realizing national independence and people's liberation without hesitation, but also used Marxism as an advanced ideological weapon to scientifically analyze the specific problems of the Chinese revolution, formulated a democratic revolution program of thorough anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism, and put forward the goal of "establishing a real democratic republic" and "gradually achieving a communist society, pointing out the direction of the revolution for the Chinese people. After the training of the Great Revolution, the Agrarian Revolutionary War and the War of Resistance against Japan, the Communist Party of China became the mainstay of the Chinese people and led the people to destroy the reactionary regime of the Kuomintang and overthrow the "three mountains" in one fell swoop in the decisive battle between China's move to light or darkness. A new journey to create a socialist mansion.
It is the choice of history and the choice of the Chinese people in long-term practice for the Communist Party of China to lead the "building house. On February 15, 1948, Mao Zedong pointed out in "China's Social and Economic Form, Class Relations and the People's Democratic Revolution": "The Chinese proletariat, peasants and other working people have long experience of revolutionary struggle. The concentrated expression of this revolutionary struggle experience is the great leadership of the Communist Party of China in its revolution and in building a new country." It is precisely because of this that he has repeatedly stressed that the Party is the core force leading the socialist cause of the new China, clearly pointing out that "the Party leads everything in the seven areas of industry, agriculture, commerce, learning, military, government and the Party. The Party should lead industry, agriculture, commerce, culture and education, the army and the government."
Practice has proved that adhering to the party's leadership is not only the fundamental guarantee for building a "new house", but also a significant advantage of the socialist "new house. On March 20, 1962, Mao Zedong wrote in a comment: "As long as a country becomes a united country, as long as this country has advanced leadership, it will not take a long time, it will take decades to turn it over. It is enough to surpass the most powerful United States in the world for more than 100 years. Because our socialist system is superior to the capitalist system, the leadership of our proletarian party, the Communist Party, is superior to the leadership of the bourgeois party. It will take more than 300 years for capitalism to develop to the current level, and we will certainly catch up with and surpass them in a few decades, at most in more than 100 years." This passage is convincing and inspiring.
Who is the owner of the new house?
Before the "new house" was built, Mao Zedong clarified its nature and determined its owner. On May 4, 1939, in his speech "the direction of the Youth Movement", he called the ongoing Chinese revolution "the people's democratic revolution against imperialism and feudalism in China". He stressed that after victory, we should "establish a people's democratic republic" and "establish a people's democratic system". In January 1940, he delivered a long speech "New Democratic Politics and New Democratic Culture" (later changed the title to "New Democracy"), drawing a clear and complete outline for people. The most important thing is to establish a democratic republic under the joint dictatorship of all anti-imperialist and anti-feudal people under the leadership of the proletariat. This is the issue of the state system, that is, the status of all social classes in the country. At the same time, the system of people's congresses is adopted, truly universal and equal elections are implemented, and governments at all levels are elected by congresses at all levels. This is the issue of political system, that is, the issue of the form of political power.
On April 24, 1945, Mao Zedong made a report on the coalition government at the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China. He clearly proposed the establishment of a coalition government, so as to "lead the people of the whole country after liberation and build China into an independent, free, democratic, unified and prosperous new country". He further clarified the Communist Party of China's propositions on the state system, pointing out: "Establish a state system of a united front democratic alliance based on the absolute majority of the people in the country and under the leadership of the working class. We call such a state system. The new democratic state system" "adopts democratic centralism, and the people's congresses at all levels decide on major policies and elect the government".
With the victorious development of the People's Liberation War, Mao Zedong's idea of building a new system was put on the agenda. On September 8, 1948, at the meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, he used the concept of people's democratic dictatorship to replace the democratic dictatorship of workers and peasants mentioned in the past. He stressed that the class nature of our regime is "the people's democratic dictatorship led by the proletariat and based on the alliance of workers and peasants". The country under the people's democratic dictatorship is represented by the government formed by the people's Congress. On June 30, 1949, Mao Zedong published an important article "On the People's Democratic Dictatorship", which systematically discussed the nature of New China, the status and interrelationships of various classes in the country, and the future of the country. It is the people's democratic dictatorship led by the working class (through the Communist Party) based on the alliance of workers and peasants." "The combination of the democratic aspect of the people and the dictatorship of the reactionaries is the people's democratic dictatorship." "on the people's democratic dictatorship" enriches and develops the Marxist theory of the state and makes political theoretical preparations for the "new house" to be built.
On September 29, 1949, the first plenary session of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference adopted the common program of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference with the nature of the provisional constitution, which clearly stipulates that the the People's Republic of China "implements the people's democratic dictatorship led by the working class, based on the alliance of workers and peasants, and unites all democratic classes and all ethnic groups in the country" and "the state power belongs to the people. The organs through which the people exercise state power are the people's congresses and people's governments at all levels". On September 20, 1954, the first meeting of the First National People's Congress passed the "the People's Republic of China Constitution" presided over by Mao Zedong, which further emphasized this point. In the 70 years since the founding of New China, the Constitution has been amended several times, but the state system of the people's democratic dictatorship, the fundamental political system of the people's congress system, and the status of the people as the masters of the country have never changed.
The four beams and eight pillars of the "new house"
In his works such as "On New Democracy", Mao Zedong not only answered the questions of state system and political system, but also made a preliminary design of basic systems such as economy and culture. For example, economically establish a state-owned economy as the leading force of the entire national economy, culturally establish an anti-imperialist and anti-feudal culture of the people, and step up the study of Marxism-Leninism. In March 1949, the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee, based on his report, more clearly stipulated the basic policies that the party should adopt in politics, economy, and diplomacy after the national victory, and outlined a blueprint for the new China system. After the founding of New China, he led the whole party and the people of the whole country to establish the four beams and eight pillars of the socialist "new house" through arduous exploration. This includes not only the above-mentioned party leadership over all work, the state system of the people's democratic dictatorship, and the people's congress system, but also the following aspects.
Establish the dominant position of public ownership. After the rapid recovery of the national economy, Mao Zedong timely put forward the task of transition to socialism, the core content is "one transformation and three transformations", promote socialist industrialization, and carry out socialist transformation of agriculture, handicrafts and capitalist industry and commerce. By the end of 1956, the three major reforms had achieved decisive victory. The two forms of socialist public ownership, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people, occupied an absolutely dominant position in the entire national economy. Since the reform and opening up, China has adapted to the development level of social productive forces in the primary stage of socialism, adjusted the ownership structure to public ownership as the main body and the common development of various ownership economies, and further improved the basic socialist economic system.
Adhere to the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. Under the leadership of the party, the democratic parties participated in the preparations for the convening of the New CPPCC and the establishment of New China, and made important contributions. In June 1950, Mao Zedong emphasized at the Second Session of the First National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference: "The People's Political Consultative Conference and its elected National Committee are united by all ethnic groups, democratic classes, democratic parties, people's organizations, and democrats from all walks of life." "We must consolidate this unity, consolidate our united front, and lead the people of the country to steadily achieve their goals". After entering the socialist society, is one party good or several parties good? On April 25, 1956, Mao Zedong clearly pointed out in "On the Ten Major Relations": "Now it seems that several parties are good. Not only in the past, but also in the future, that is, long-term coexistence and mutual supervision."
Implementation of the system of regional national autonomy. China has been a unified multi-ethnic country since ancient times, and all ethnic groups have jointly created a splendid Chinese civilization. When drafting the "Common Program," Mao Zedong analyzed the situation at home and abroad and believed that China should not implement a federal system, but a unified republic and regional autonomy for ethnic minorities. After discussion at the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the "Common Program" clearly stipulates: "In areas where ethnic minorities live in concentrated communities, ethnic regional autonomy should be implemented, and various ethnic autonomous organs should be established in accordance with the number of ethnic populations and the size of the region." In August 1952, Mao Zedong signed and promulgated the outline for the implementation of regional ethnic autonomy in the People's Republic of China, which made comprehensive provisions on the relevant systems and major policies of regional ethnic autonomy.
Adhere to the guiding position of Marxism. The victory of the Chinese revolution is the victory of Marxism in China and the victory of Mao Zedong Thought, which combines the basic principles of Marxism with the concrete reality of China. After the founding of New China, Marxism and Mao Zedong Thought were used to arm the whole party and educate the people, establishing the guiding position of Marxism in the country's political life. On January 27, 1957, at the meeting of party committee secretaries of provinces, cities and autonomous regions, Mao Zedong pointed out that the root cause of the Polish-Hungarian incident was that "the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the parties in some Eastern European countries, did not talk about the basic principles of Marxism", "the dictatorship of the proletariat, the leadership of the party, democratic centralism, and the relationship between the party and the masses", "We must adhere to the basic theory of Marxism".
In addition, Mao Zedong led the formulation of the first socialist-type constitution in Chinese history, and put forward a series of principles of the rule of law; adhere to the fundamental principle of the party commanding the gun, and constantly strengthen the ideological and political building of the party and the army; in diplomacy, "start a new stove" and "clean the house before inviting guests", establish the five principles of peaceful coexistence; and so on. At the same time, he also stressed the consolidation and development of the socialist system in practice. On March 12, 1957, he pointed out at the National Propaganda Work Conference of the Communist Party of China: "It is a great struggle to overthrow the old social system and establish a new social system, that is, the socialist system." "The new socialist system is bound to be consolidated. We will certainly build a socialist country with modern industry, modern agriculture and modern science and culture". This enlightens us that we should combine system self-confidence with system innovation, strive to contribute to the building of the socialist system and provide a fundamental guarantee for the socialist cause.
Source: Learning Times
Reprinted from: Party Building Network
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