PARTY BUILDING
party building work
An Important Code for the Prosperity and Development of Contemporary China
Core Reading
In the process of the continuous development of the socialist market economy, the level of social class mobility has been continuously improved, which has effectively stimulated the deep vitality of social development.
The mobile China has enhanced the vitality of social development from multiple dimensions and created favorable conditions for people to change their life trajectory with their own efforts. At the same time, high-level social mobility puts forward higher requirements for the national governance system and governance capacity, and there is an urgent need to promote a higher level of institutional innovation.
Since the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, China's economy and society have continued to develop rapidly, writing a miracle in the history of human development. The British "Economist" weekly pointed out the fact that it took 58 years for the United Kingdom, 47 years for the United States, and 34 years for Japan to double its per capita real income, while China achieved it in only 10 years. Comrade Xi Jinping pointed out: "A mobile China is full of vitality for prosperity and development." This is not only a vivid description of China's economic and social development since the reform and opening up, but also reveals an important code for the prosperity and development of contemporary China.
Developing Socialist Market Economy and Promoting Social Mobility
High-level social class mobility is one of the important characteristics of modern society, which is not only conducive to human capital competition, but also conducive to social harmony. The mainstream view in the academic circles holds that modernization and market performance orientation are of great significance in promoting class mobility. The former will lead to the upgrading of industrial structure and the rapid differentiation of social division of labor structure, while the latter will make the performance principle of "meritocracy" become the main yardstick of labor market competition, so it can effectively improve the level of class mobility.
Since the reform and opening up, our party has led the people to explore and practice boldly. From the traditional planned economic system to the unprecedented socialist market economic system, from the planned economy as the mainstay and market regulation as the supplement to making the market play a decisive role in the allocation of resources and better play the role of the government, an unprecedented socialist market economy has been explored. Practice has promoted the continuous improvement of the socialist market economic system and effectively promoted the mobility of high-level social classes. On the one hand, with the continuous play of the role of the market in allocating resources and the continuous development of the labor market, more and more members of society have achieved upward class mobility through hard work and fair competition. On the other hand, the role of the government has been better played, especially at the level of macro development strategy, promoting the simultaneous development of new industrialization, informatization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, actively participating in the international division of labor and integrating into the world economic system, promoting industrial upgrading, striving to enhance the ability of scientific and technological innovation, and vigorously implementing regional coordinated development strategies such as the development of the western region, the revitalization of the northeast, the rise of the central region and the eastern region, strengthen the coordinated development of large regions such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and the Yangtze River Delta. While developing the economy, these measures have created personal development opportunities for more and more members of society, and promoted the rapid transfer of hundreds of millions of labor force from the primary industry to the secondary and tertiary industries. The demand for professional and technical personnel in the whole society is growing rapidly, and the proportion of manual workers is declining. The role of the market and the role of the government are organically combined and coordinated, which improves the level of social class mobility from multiple dimensions.
The latest sociological research shows that since the reform and opening up, the total intergenerational mobility rate in my country has continued to rise, from 0.38 in the 1970 s to the current 0.71. This suggests that self-consistent achievement, which reflects the degree of individual effort, has replaced preexisting factors such as family origin as the primary factor influencing an individual's social status. In the process of the continuous development of the socialist market economy, the level of social class mobility has been continuously improved, which has effectively stimulated the deep vitality of social development.
Infrastructure construction provides important support for mobile society
China is a vast country, how to cross the space division, more efficient allocation of human resources and various resource elements, has been a major issue facing the development of the country. Our party promotes the construction of high-level transportation infrastructure from a forward-looking strategic perspective: in 1949, the national railway mileage was more than 18000km; in 2018, the national railway mileage exceeded 130000km, of which the high-speed railway exceeded 29000km, accounting for 2/3 of the world. With the continuous development and improvement of the international leading high-speed rail and highway network, a large-scale mobile society has gradually formed, and it has helped China's economic and social development in multiple dimensions.
The development of mobile society is constantly changing people's way of life. Convenient and fast transportation has greatly reduced the time cost and economic cost of population spatial mobility, and mobility has become the normal life of a considerable number of Chinese people. This allows members of society to move in a broader space, not only to obtain more development opportunities, but also to achieve more colorful tourism and leisure. This also promotes the mutual communication between social members to a great extent, which is conducive to the integration and development of different regions.
The development of mobile society is conducive to the formation of deep social connections in different regions. With the help of convenient transportation network, the integration development trend of adjacent areas is becoming more and more obvious. Taking the Yangtze River Delta region as an example, relying on the G60 expressway and the Shanghai-Jiangsu-Lake high-speed railway under construction, the regional industry and urban agglomeration integrated development platform jointly built by Shanghai Songjiang and Zhejiang Jiaxing, Hangzhou and other nine cities (districts) has taken shape. Even in different areas with a certain distance in space, a new development mechanism of deep docking can be formed with the help of convenient transportation network. For example, after the opening of Guizhou-Guangdong, Guizhou-Hunan and other high-speed rail lines, Guizhou has established a closer docking mechanism with relevant economically developed cities.
The development of mobile society is conducive to the coordinated development of public services and social security systems. In the face of the mobile society, the traditional thinking limited to territorial management and service is no longer applicable, and the construction of public service system increasingly emphasizes coordinated development, orderly docking and integrated layout. At present, China has formed a regional public service system in many key areas such as pension and medical care. It is foreseeable that with the further development of the mobile society, the cross-regional supply of public services and social security will be further developed.
Institutional Innovation Continuously Releases Demographic Dividend
Since the reform and opening up, our party has carried out timely system innovation according to the characteristics of population flow in different periods, promoted the full flow of population factors among industries, industries and regions, continuously released the demographic dividend, and provided a huge impetus for economic and social development.
Actively build a system to ensure the employment and livelihood of the floating population in cities and towns. As of 2018, the total number of migrant workers in the country has reached 0.288 billion. In view of this group of workers who have made important contributions to economic and social development, the state has constantly innovated the system and made great efforts to protect their rights and interests. For example, the "the People's Republic of China Social Insurance Law" passed at the 17th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eleventh National People's Congress in 2010 stipulates that rural residents who work in cities participate in social insurance in accordance with the law like other employees. For another example, in 2013, the Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China adopted the ''Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues of Comprehensively Deepening Reform'', which proposed that farmers who settled in cities and settled in cities should be fully included in the urban housing and social security system, and pension insurance in rural areas. And medical insurance standards are connected to the urban social insurance system. This has stabilized the expectations of the floating population in urban development, promoted the deep integration of the floating population into the cities and towns, and effectively promoted the economic and social development of the city.
Continuously improve the vocational skills and knowledge of migrant workers. my country's migrant worker training system continues to develop and improve. According to the needs of economic development, economic structure adjustment, and industrial layout, migrant workers' vocational skills training, on-the-job skills improvement training, entrepreneurship training and rural practical technical training are strengthened. In the new era, governments at all levels have been increasing their investment in the training of migrant workers. From 2014 to 2017, the total number of government subsidized vocational skills training for migrant workers reached 38.56 million. This has effectively improved the skills and literacy of migrant workers, enabling them to better adapt to the requirements of industrial upgrading and high-quality development, and better share the fruits of economic and social development.
Efforts should be made to guide the flow of entrepreneurial talents and high-skilled labor groups to underdeveloped areas. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council have issued the Opinions on Strengthening Reform and Innovation and Accelerating Agricultural Modernization, and the State Council has issued the Opinions on Further Doing a Good Job in Employment and Entrepreneurship under the New Situation, and the Opinions on Supporting Migrant Workers and Other People Returning Home to Start a Business, etc., guide the labor force groups that have accumulated wealth and upgraded skills in the economic development of developed areas to flow to less developed areas. As of the end of 2015, the number of returning migrant workers to start businesses has exceeded 4.5 million, and this momentum has continued unabated. This shows that the innovation of population flow system is gradually optimizing the allocation of human capital in different regions and promoting the coordinated development of economy and society in different regions.
Adapting to the Requirements of Social Mobility and Strengthening Institutional Innovation
Looking back on the historical process of reform and opening up, the mobile China has enhanced the vitality of social development from multiple dimensions, and created favorable conditions for people to change their life trajectory with their own efforts. However, it should also be noted that while promoting development, high-level social mobility puts forward higher requirements for the national governance system and governance capacity, and there is an urgent need to promote a higher level of institutional innovation.
The rapid flow of population puts forward higher requirements for innovative social governance. China's current social governance system is based on the territorial management model, which is characterized by providing standardized public goods mainly for territorial residents, which is bound to encounter some challenges in the mobile society. For example, neither the urban management system based on the "street system" nor the rural grassroots management system can effectively cover the floating population and implement high-level management and services for it. In recent years, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other cities are exploring the mode of party building leading governance innovation to deal with the new problems brought about by the mobile society. In the future, there is still much room for exploration and improvement in further optimizing the public service model of the mobile society and innovating the grassroots governance organization system.
The development of mobile society puts forward higher requirements for the construction of social identity system. In the context of mobile society, diverse concepts from different regions continue to collide, making different groups face greater challenges in forming shared social identity. It is particularly important to effectively build a social coordination mechanism for different interest groups and an inclusive social identity value system. To achieve in-depth reform and innovation in these areas, it is necessary to form a value concept and security system that matches the mobile society.
The enhancement of social mobility puts forward higher requirements for the macro policy design of system integration. With the rapid flow of population, resources and elements in different regions, how to effectively improve the supporting service and management capabilities as a whole has become an important issue facing national governance. Faced with this deep-seated problem, a single territorial management model is difficult to form an effective response mechanism, and a more scientific and reasonable overall system design needs to be formed at the macro level.
Author: Li Youmei, President of the Chinese Social Society and researcher of the Research Center of Xi Jinping's new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics in Shanghai
Source: People's Daily-People's Daily
Address: Buildings 4 and 5, Kechuang Huigu Park, Hongshun Road, Huaming High-tech Zone, Dongli District, Tianjin
Tianjin High-end Equipment Research Institute, Tsinghua University, Copyright
Website Construction: China Enterprise Power Tianjin
Business License
sweep
Pay attention to the official WeChat public number