Faith is like Panyong Long March-How the Ten Marshals Arrived in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia

The founding marshal of the Republic (oil painting) by Li Mingfeng

A New Generation of Long March Road (Print) White Snow Dust

On September 27, 1955, the prelude to the first award of the Chinese People's Liberation Army's Army, Navy and Air Force was opened in Huairen Hall, Zhongnanhai. Glory and dream, brilliant and brilliant, blooming at this moment.

Mao Zedong went to the rostrum and personally awarded Zhu de, Peng Dehuai, he long, Chen Yi, Luo Ronghuan, Xu Xiangqian, Nie Rongzhen and other seven people (Lin Biao, Liu Bocheng, Ye Jianying were not at the ceremony for some reason and were awarded afterwards). As a result, the world-renowned "Ten Marshals of the Republic" was born ".

 

What is certain is that these soldiers with the most outstanding military exploits of that era were only honed into the "Iron King Kong" who saved the nation from peril and liberated the whole of China after experiencing the baptism of war and the battle of life and death. The arduous and world-shaking Long March is the "stone" that they will never forget ". On this tortuous but hot "red line", they have created many war miracles with firm belief, extraordinary wisdom, and extraordinary courage, and they have also written a life legend that can illuminate future generations!

Today, our special plan to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Long March, "My Long March", is coming to an end. Revisit the Long March Road of the Ten Marshals, in order to always remember their merits, and not forget their original aspirations, and step out of the sonorous footsteps on the New Long March Road!

-Editor (Editor: Chang Xuemei, Yang Lina)

The Long March was an extremely important link in the history of the creation of the People's Army. Pursuing the Long March of the top ten marshals of New China, the results are surprising-their experiences are all kinds, and almost everyone has a different style.

 

Zhu De

 

Zhu De served as the commander-in-chief of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army at the beginning of the Long March, and was also the commander-in-chief of the Red Army. But in fact, at this time, he was squeezed out by the "left" leaders of the temporary central government who entered the Soviet area from Shanghai. He had no military command power and was not allowed to participate in the planning and decision-making of the Long March. He was only informed when he needed to issue orders in his name before the operation began.

However, it seems to be arranged by God. Zhu De appeared in the Long March of the three main forces of the Red Army, which is fully consistent with his identity as the commander-in-chief of the Red Army. Marshal Zhu De's route of the Long March first followed the track of the first army, then was once coerced south by Zhang Guotao, then led the fourth army northward to join the second army, and then arrived in northern Shaanxi together. His arrival in Northern Shaanxi was in October 1936.

 

In October 1934, the Red First Army set out from Yudu and began the Long March. After that, Zhu De's excellent military command ability was demonstrated in important battles such as crossing the Xiangjiang River, breaking through the Wujiang River, crossing the Chishui River four times and flying over the Luding Bridge. On March 4, 1935, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission decided to establish the former enemy headquarters of the Red Army, appointed Zhu De as commander and Mao Zedong as political commissar, and re-established "Zhu Mao"'s command of the Red Army.

After the First Red Army and the Fourth Red Army joined forces in Maogong, Zhu De and Zhang Guotao jointly commanded the Left Army as the Red Army was divided into left and right armies. The main force of this force was that of the Fourth Red Army, so when Zhang Guotao tried to set up another central government to go south, Zhu De was raised and transferred from the headquarters. But even in the face of adversity, Zhu De still effectively did a lot of work: he used his high reputation in the Red Army to jointly promote the Red Army's acceptance of the policy of advancing northward with Xu Xiangqian and Luo Binghui. It played an important role. What is little known is that in the Left Route Army, some commanders and fighters from the Red Front Army had plans to confront Zhang Guotao by force and even capture him. Zhu De did not support it. He firmly opposed the Red Army fighting the Red Army and insisted on solving internal problems by peaceful means.

 

In July 1935, the Sixth Army of the Red 2. Army (later reorganized as the Second Army of the Red Army) joined forces with the Fourth Army of the Red Army in Ganzi, and Zhu De met with He Long. Since then, under the urging and efforts of all parties, the Red 2. Front Army marched northward in three routes, and finally joined forces with the Red First Army in Huining and Jiangtai Fort in October 1936. "Zhu Mao" also met again at this time.

Marshal Zhu De was repeatedly in distress during the Long March. Especially in the battle of Tucheng after the Zunyi Conference, he personally went to the front line to command. A shell from the Sichuan army fell close to him, but fortunately it did not explode. On the contrary, the Kuomintang Air Force once claimed that Zhu De was injured in the bombing, which was a false thing.

 

Peng Dehuai

 

Peng Dehuai served as the commander of the Red Army at the beginning of the Long March. He led his troops from Changting on October 10, 1934. The Long March road he took was also the most standard Long March route of the Red Army. His arrival in Northern Shaanxi was in October 1935.

During the Long March of the First Red Army, the Third Red Army was always one of the most important field regiments. Peng Dehuai commanded the regiment to break through four blockades in a row, and then fought fiercely on the Xiangjiang River to cover the transfer of the central authorities. Since then, in the battles of Loushanguan, Zunyi, Sidu Chishui, and Qiaodu Jinsha River, the third Red Army Corps has outstanding performance, forming the two "fists" of the first Red Army together with the first Red Army ". The Red Army Corps fought bravely and suffered extremely serious losses. Deng Ping, chief of staff of the Red Army Corps, and Hong Chao, commander of the Red Fourth Division, all died on the Long March. When Zhang Guotao tried to split the Red Army, Peng Dehuai decisively led the Red Army Corps to go north with the central government and arrived in Wuqi Town in October 1935 to join forces with the Red Army in northern Shaanxi. At this time, Peng Dehuai's position was commander of the "Workers' and Peasants' Red Army Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment" reorganized by the Red Army.

In Wuqi Town, Marshal Peng Dehuai commanded the Red Army to decisively wipe out the enemy troops who were chasing after them. Mao Zedong wrote a poem for this: "The mountains are high, the roads are far and the pits are deep, and the army is rushing. Who dares to cross the sword immediately, only General Peng. After Peng Dehuai's poem, he changed the last sentence to "only I brave the Red Army" and returned it.

 

Lin Biao

 

Lin Biao served as the head of the Red First Army at the beginning of the Long March. His Long March route basically coincided with Peng Dehuai's Long March route. The calculation of the distance of the Long March in the 25,000 mentioned above is based on the marching log of the First Army of the Red Army, which is based on the necessary marching such as detours and food.

The First Red Army is one of the important main forces of the First Red Army, and has repeatedly made contributions in many battles such as the forced crossing of the Dadu River. Many of them reflect Lin Biao's military talents. However, he was quite stubborn in some aspects. After the Zunyi meeting, he put forward imprudent opinions on the central military command, which had a bad influence.

Lin Biao also arrived in Wuqi Town, northern Shaanxi in October 1935. At that time, he was the deputy commander of the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment and the commander of the first column (mainly formed by the downsizing of the Red First Army).

 

Liu Bocheng

 

This former Sichuan Army general who graduated from the Frunzhi Military Academy was originally the chief of the general staff of the Red Army, but he was persecuted and demoted because of his opposition to the dogmatic and rigid tactical command of Li De and others, and only served as the chief of staff of the Red Fifth Army. In fact, he was almost included in the list of staying in the Soviet area. It was Zhou Enlai's arguments that enabled him to set off with the army. After the Red Fifth Army set out from Yudu, Liu Bocheng assisted the army commander Dong Zhentang as the guard of the Central Red Army. In this battle, the 34th Division of the Red Fifth Army was completely wounded and killed. After the Liping Conference, the Red Army headquarters also realized the important value of Liu Bocheng and transferred him back to the post of chief of general staff. Since then, Liu Bocheng's painstaking efforts have been involved in many victories of the Red Army.

Liu Bocheng's Long March route was basically the same as Zhu De's. Only during the Battle of the Dadu River, he commanded the right-hand army that had crossed the river, and the left-hand army where the commander-in-chief Zhu De was located across the river, which was regarded as a brief separation between the two. During the struggle with Zhang Guotao, Liu Bocheng became more intense, so that Zhang Guotao became angry from embarrassment and threatened to be shot, but Liu Bocheng was unmoved. In the end, Zhang Guotao forcibly deprived Liu Bocheng of his post as Chief of the General Staff of the Red Army and made him the president of the Red Army University of the Fourth Red Army.

During the Long March, Liu Bocheng's most legendary experience was to form an alliance with Xiaoye Dan, the leader of the Yi people, and become brothers. This ensured that the Red Army could smoothly pass through the Yi ethnic area in only three days and head straight to the Dadu River. For this reason, it created conditions for the Red Army to fly to Anshun Field and Luding Bridge and get rid of the encirclement and interception of the Kuomintang army.

In October 1936, Liu Bocheng arrived in Huining with the Fourth Red Front Army, joined forces with the First Red Front Army, and was immediately appointed Chief of Staff of the Red Army and Chief of Staff of the Red Army's former enemy headquarters.

 

He Long

 

The starting point of He Long's Long March was different from that of other marshals. In October 1934, when the Red First Army began the Long March, he, then the commander of the Red Second Army, had just joined the Red Sixth Army commanded by Xiao Ke in Muhuang, western Hunan. After that, they were once instructed to establish a base area on the border of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou, and wait for and receive the Western Expedition of the Central Red Army. It was not until October 1935 that the Red 26 Corps officially began the Long March.

Although the starting point of the Long March of the Red 2. and the Red Sixth Army is closer to Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia than the Red First Army, their path is more tortuous. He Long led this army, which was later combined with the Red 32nd Army to form the Red Second Army, and went south to the central and western part of Yunnan, then turned back to the north, rendezvous with the Red Fourth Army in Ganzi, and then crossed the grassland and rushed to northern Shaanxi.

In this team of He Long, in addition to the Red Army commanders, there are two special "guests". One was Zhang Zhenhan, the captured lieutenant general of the Kuomintang army, and the other was Bo Fuli, a missionary from Britain. They all tasted the Long March together with the Red Army and were later released. In his memoirs, Bo Fuli expressed a lot of love for the Red Army and mentioned that he had knitted a small sweater for He Long's daughter using the techniques taught by his grandfather.

On July 5, 1936, in accordance with the order of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, the Red 2. Sixth Army formed the Second Front Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and He Long became the commander-in-chief.

Interestingly, a regiment of the Second Red Army of He Longsuo once took the wrong path during the Long March to Litang, crossed the Dulong River to reach the Sino-Myanmar border, and also crossed the border with the British and Burmese troops. Due to the strict discipline of the Red Army, the other side politely provided food for the Red Army and wrote a letter back. However, since no one in the Red Army of this regiment knew English, it was not until the letter reached Gan Siqi, director of the political department of the regiment, that they actually went out of the country.

 

Chen Yi

 

chen yi was the only one of the ten marshals who did not follow the main force on the long march. His leg was seriously injured in the fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression" and he was unable to follow the large army. Therefore, when the main Red Army set out from Jiangxi, he was left as the director of the Soviet government office in the Central Soviet Area, and together with Xiang Ying insisted on the resistance of the Soviet Area.

The Central Soviet Area still resisted tenaciously for 3 months when the main force was far away. It was not until December 1934 that it all fell. Chen Yi and others smashed the radio station and led the disabled to break through the mountains. During this period, many important leaders, such as He Shuheng, Liu Bojian, Mao Zetan and He Chang, died successively.

After retreating to Youshan, Meiling and other places in the Wuling Mountains, Chen Yi led his subordinates to persist in guerrilla warfare, which lasted for three years. It was not until August 1937 that the Kuomintang and the Communist Party formed an anti-Japanese national united front that Chen Yi and his subordinates walked out of the base area in the mountains. According to the agreement between the two sides, the red armed forces of the eight southern provinces were reorganized into the New Fourth Army and put into the Anti-Japanese War.

Chen Yi did not visit northern Shaanxi during the Red Army era. He arrived in northern Shaanxi only when he went to Yan'an from the northern Jiangsu base area to participate in the rectification movement in 1942. He was the latest of the ten marshals to arrive in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region.

It is worth mentioning that the Red Army in the Long March learned about the existence of the base area in northern Shaanxi through newspapers, and Chen Yi and others also learned about the traces of the Central Red Army in the Long March through the captured Kuomintang newspapers. The news clearly strengthened their determination to continue their resistance.

 

Luo Ronghuan

 

At the beginning of the Long March, Luo Rongheng served as director of the Political Department of the Red Eighth Army. In October 1934, the Red Eighth Army set out from Xingguo. From the route point of view, Luo Ronghuan's Long March Road is also the standard Long March route, but in this process, this army fought more tragically.

After the battle on the Xiangjiang River, there were only more than 1000 people left in the Red Eighth Army, and the designation was soon canceled. The main reason for this is that the legion was too young and was formed less than a month before the start of the Long March, that is, in September 1934. Most of the recruits went to the battlefield with little training, and the army was very short of weapons, with less than 3000 rifles. Political commissar Liu Shaoqi provided the horse to Mo Wenhua, the propaganda minister of the legion, and he had to take a mule instead. However, such a unit with lack of weapons and experience fought bravely and tenaciously in the battle to break through the four blockade lines, and the remaining troops also maintained strong combat effectiveness after being incorporated into the Fifth Army, which shows that Luo Ronghuan and other commanders have played a great role in their work.

Since then, Luo Ronghuan has served as the director of the Political Department of the Third Red Army and the Fifth Red Army, and has served as the deputy director of the Political Department of the First Front Army and the political inspector of the Military Commission. During this period, he fully demonstrated his outstanding political work ability, especially in the difficult moments of crossing the grassland. His political agitation and style of setting an example effectively inspired the army to get out of the predicament, and was regarded by Mao Zedong and many other central leading comrades as the political work of the Red Army. Excellent model.

 

Chen Haihan, the battalion commander of the 2nd Battalion of the 10th Red Regiment, had a memory that Luo Ronghuan always walked in the front and ate at the end when marching with the troops. One day, a squad leader suddenly stopped him and said, "Director Luo, we have come here from Jiangxi together. We are already a family... Today we have a request for you, and you must agree to it anyway. "Luo Ronghuan thought it was a soldier who had any difficulties, so he agreed. As a result, the squad leader immediately brought out a pot of cooked wild vegetables and said," there is no other requirement. I just want to invite you to eat something. This is what we have left for you. "This shows that Luo Ronghuan was deeply loved by officers and soldiers during the Long March.

In October 1935, Luo Ronghuan arrived in Wuqi Town in northern Shaanxi together with the Shaanxi-Gansu detachment of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, where he was the deputy director of the political Department of the first column.

 

Xu Qianqian

 

The Long March road he took was as follows: first he went south to meet the Central Red Army, then he went north together. In the middle, he went south again due to Zhang Guotao's interference. After failure, he joined the Red 2. Sixth Army and finally went north to Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia. This complex route is a typical Long March route for the officers and men of the Fourth Red Army.

In the many battles of Hubei, Henan, Anhui, Sichuan and Shaanxi before the Long March, Xu Xiangqian showed outstanding military talents. It is no exaggeration to say that the Kuomintang army is afraid of it like a tiger. In April 1934, he commanded the Fourth Red Army to launch the Jialing River campaign to break through the blockade of the Sichuan army, and controlled the vast area of 300 miles from the Jialing River in the east, to the north of Sichuan, to Zitong in the south, and to the border of Sichuan and Gansu in the north, so as to prepare for the first Red Army. During the Long March, he continued to write this history through a series of masterpieces such as the Battle of the Seat.

However, the most valuable thing in the Long March was when Zhang Guotao tried to split the Red Army, Xu Xiangqian's sentence "there is no reason for the Red Army to fight the Red Army". This sentence prevented the situation from deteriorating further and also reflected his calm political consciousness. Since then, Marshal Xu Xiangqian firmly stood with Zhu De, Liu Bocheng, He Long and others to oppose Zhang Guotao's wrong line, which led to the northward movement of the entire Red Fourth Front Army.

 

In fact, although Xu Xiangqian came from the Fourth Front Army, Zhang Guotao never trusted this "hundred-battle star" and had secretly arrested his wife Cheng Xunxuan in order to turn him into a "reshuffle faction" and even killed her in the face of a fruitless confession.

In October 1936, Xu Xiangqian arrived in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia base area. At that time, he was still the commander-in-chief of the Fourth Front Army.

 

Nie Rongzhen

 

what nie rongzhen had gone through was also the standard long march route of the first red army.

Interestingly, Nie Rongzhen was a political cadre during the Long March, but he demonstrated excellent military command skills in many fierce battles. When breaking through the four blockades, he proposed to use troops cautiously, suggesting to occupy Jiufeng Mountain, the military point first, and even to conflict with the army commander Lin Biao. Facts have proved that the central column of the Red Army could have suffered heavy losses had it not been for the first occupation. In the whole battle of the surprise attack on Lazikou, Nie Rongzhen commanded the battle by the ancient stack road about 200 meters away from the enemy. The fragments of grenades thrown by the enemy were piled up half a meter thick in front of them! These brilliant achievements obviously laid the foundation for its independent military command in the war of resistance against Japan and the war of liberation.

After meeting with the Red Army in northern Shaanxi, Nie Rongzhen served as the political commissar of the first column.

After the founding of New China, Nie Rongzhen wrote an autobiographical "Long March", which mentioned the tragic battle of the Xiangjiang River. Therefore, the loss of the war was so great that Bogu (Qin Bangxian), one of the three military commanders at that time, wanted to pull out his gun in front of the battle. At that time, Nie Rongzhen was coming towards him and immediately stopped drinking, which saved his life.

 

Ye Jianying

 

Ye Jianying served as the principal and political commissar of the Red Army School before the start of the Long March, and was transferred to the commander of the First Column of the Military Commission at the beginning of the Long March. He originally followed the Red First Front Army on the Long March, but he almost followed the Fourth Front Army in the second half.

It was almost because Ye Jianying was appointed chief of staff of the fourth Red Front Army when the first Red Front Army and the fourth Red Front Army joined forces. However, since he followed Mao Zedong's Left Army, he did not stay in the Fourth Red Army like Zhu De and Liu Bocheng. In the middle of this, there was an incident in which Zhang Guotao's secret telegram left army, the Red Fourth Front Army, went south, but Ye Jianying discovered it and reported it to the Party Central Committee. This incident became the trigger for the Party Central Committee to lead the Red One and Red Three Corps to the north. Mao Zedong once praised Ye Jianying: "Zhuge was cautious all his life, and Lu Duan was not confused about major events". After that, Marshal Ye Jianying led two regiments in the first Red Army to enter the grassland and served as the commander of the advance team. At this time, he was bombed by enemy planes while marching in Guangxi, and a piece of shrapnel was hit in his leg until he died.

After arriving in northern Shaanxi, Ye Jianying served as chief of staff of the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment.

For many of the old Red Army who experienced the Long March, Ye Jianying was a lifesaver. That's because during the secret preparations on the eve of the Long March, cadres were reviewed and the so-called "problematic" cadres were divided into three categories of ABC, of which category A was to be shot. Ye Jianying was shocked when he heard the news. He found the person in charge of the Central Committee at that time. He did the work one by one, and asked not to kill people. In the end, many people were protected by him. Ye Jianying has not disclosed this matter. Some cadres, such as Bian Zhangwu, did not know about it until their later years. They could not help but sigh: "Without Ye Shuai, we would have reimbursed the bill long ago!"

The journey traveled by the ten marshals is like ten living legends, recording the feats of the Red Army and leaving a monument-like eternal memory for history.

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Sasu

Source: Liberation Army Daily