"Science and Technology Bud" in the Red Base Area"

The types of ammunition manufactured in the arsenal of Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi Province are very rich.

Marx clearly pointed out: "Science is a driving force in history, the revolutionary force." The Communist Party of China has always regarded science and technology as an important force for the victory of the revolution, social transformation and national rejuvenation. As early as the revolutionary war years, our party carried out organized scientific and technological research work and established special institutions engaged in scientific research, dedicated to working for the welfare of the people and the masses through science and technology.
develop military industry according to the needs of struggle
After the establishment of the rural revolutionary base areas, the Communist Party of China persisted in the revolutionary struggle while not forgetting production and construction. All base areas carry out scientific and technological research work such as military industry, agriculture, and medical treatment to improve the people's living standards and consolidate the new red regime.
The environment of the base area at that time determined that the characteristic of its industrial construction was to directly serve the center of the revolutionary war. In order to meet the needs of the revolutionary struggle and to safeguard the weapons and equipment of the Red Army, the military industry in the base areas was born. At first, a large number of simple repair houses and firearms bureaus were built in each base area. Later, they were merged and expanded on this basis, and finally formed a military industry with arsenals as the main body. The more representative ones are the arsenal of the Central Military Commission, the arsenal of Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi Province, and the Luoping Mountain arsenal in the Sichuan-Shaanxi base area. Among them, the Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi Province Arsenal was formally established in January 1930, and then moved to Yangyuan Village, Dexing, Jiangxi Province in May 1931. Therefore, it is also known as Yangyuan Arsenal. At that time, it could produce more than 300 bullets, 600 or 700 large and small mines and mortar shells every day.
Liu Ding, a famous military expert of our party, went to work in the Central Soviet Area from the White Area in 1933 and became the political commissar of the Yangyuan Arsenal. Liu Ding improved the formula of mine black powder to improve its lethality; the diameter of the grenade was appropriately reduced to increase its blasting power; the fuses of mortars were improved to improve its safety. Under Liu Ding's leadership, the arsenal also produced three small 35mm mortars and cast iron mortar shells. This is an earlier batch of artillery made by the Chinese people in the history of military industry under extremely difficult conditions.
Attaching Importance to the Role of Science and Technology in Agricultural Production
In addition to military science and technology, the Soviet Union government under the leadership of our party also attaches great importance to the role of science and technology in agricultural production. In order to solve the problems of lack of agricultural knowledge and backward production efficiency in the Soviet area at that time, the party organization set up agricultural test grounds and research institutes as an important measure to promote advanced agricultural technology. Mao Zedong pointed out in his report at the Second National Congress of Workers and Peasants: "It is natural that the issue of national agriculture and collective agriculture cannot be raised a few days ago, but in order to promote the development of agriculture, small-scale agricultural test sites have been organized in various places. Agricultural research schools and agricultural products exhibitions are urgently needed."
The Land Commission of the Soviet Government has a Land Cultivation Section and a Water Conservancy Bureau. The main task of the Land Culture Department is to study the soil structure and fertilizer manufacturing and use methods to guide farmers in scientific farming. Some bases have also set up other scientific experimental institutions, such as those for pest control, based on actual needs. The Ministry of Land of the Central Government of the Soviet Union set up an agricultural test site in the county directly under Ruijin, and specialized researchers were responsible for summarizing and summarizing "the experience and knowledge of agriculture in various places". At the same time, it is necessary to put forward as far as possible in advance the cultivation, disaster prevention, fertilization and other improvement methods of major agricultural products, and supply them to the Central Ministry of Land to guide agricultural work in various regions.
At the same time, in order to develop agricultural production in the revolutionary base areas and train agricultural construction cadres and agricultural technical personnel in the Soviet area, the CPC Central Committee established the Central Agricultural School in Ruijin, Jiangxi Province in March 1933. This is our party's early start of science and technology education. The tasks of the school are: to train middle and lower-level cadres in agricultural construction; to collect the experience of farmers in the Soviet area and the experience of agricultural test sites, to organize them scientifically, and to extensively spread general agricultural technology; to closely contact with the Construction Bureau of the Ministry of Land People's Committee to plan the Soviet area Agricultural construction. The courses set up by the school include political knowledge, scientific knowledge, agricultural knowledge, crop overview, soil improvement method, simple manufacturing and preservation of agricultural products, etc. The school has an agricultural test ground and an agricultural product exhibition. The students need to go to various places to investigate the planting and growth of crops, put forward opinions and suggestions, and promote advanced technology and fine varieties.
Vigorously promote the red medical cause
During the difficult revolutionary war period, in order to solve the problem of lack of medicine and medicine for the people in the base areas, and to better rescue the injured Red Army soldiers, the party organization overcame many difficulties and vigorously promoted the construction of the red medical cause in the base areas. Using simple houses, ancestral halls and even caves, our party has successively established several Red Army hospitals of different sizes in the base areas. Among them, the largest Soviet national hospital has operating rooms, pharmacies and laboratories, and even has a small X-ray machine. The Red Fourth Front Army General Hospital in the Hubei, Henan, Anhui and Soviet areas can rescue and treat critically ill patients, as well as perform more complex brain surgery and amputation. The Dengjiamiao Hospital in the revolutionary base area of western Hunan and Hubei is well-equipped and can take foreign bodies, remove rotten bones, amputate limbs, ligature and suture blood vessels. Due to the development and growth of the Red Army and the frequent battles that followed, the treatment of war wounds and daily medical work became increasingly urgent. So in the spring of 1931, the Central Committee instructed to organize the establishment of the General Military Medical Department of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army Military Committee (changed to the Red Army General Health Department the following year). In November of the same year, the workers and peasants government of the Central Soviet Area was established, the Health Administration was established under the Central Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the Soviets at all levels of provinces, cities, counties and districts established health campaign committees to manage medical and health work.
In order to solve the problem of the shortage of medicines caused by the enemy's tight blockade, many pharmaceutical factories have been opened in the base areas. In 1932, the Central Sanitary Materials Factory was opened in Jiangxi Province, which mainly produces Western medicine consumables, as well as Chinese herbal medicine collection and processing. In addition, revolutionary base areas such as Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, western Hunan, Hubei, and Sichuan and Shaanxi have also established pharmaceutical factories to produce some pharmaceutical preparations and simple medical devices. In this way, the Red Army has obtained a relatively fixed and reliable medical material guarantee, trained a group of pharmaceutical technical personnel, and explored the work experience of independent production of medical materials. In addition, the Red Army General Health Department also published "Red Health", "Health News" and other medical journals. Many Red Army hospitals have also published journals, published many articles introducing medical knowledge, exchanged treatment experience, and helped grassroots medical staff improve their medical business.
In the revolutionary base areas, under extremely difficult conditions, our party established the initial science and technology departments of the red regime according to the needs of the situation at that time. The revolutionary base areas formed military production technology through continuous exploration, carried out agricultural science and technology experiments and agricultural knowledge promotion, and established medical institutions at all levels. Most importantly, the Party's science and technology education was born. Various types of science and technology schools have been set up in the base areas, and a large number of technical talents have been trained.

Source: China Organization and Personnel News