Forms and Methods of Discipline Education in Party History

The "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese-style Modernization" reviewed and approved by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China emphasized the establishment of a regular and centralized disciplinary education mechanism, and the deepening of the use of supervision and discipline. "This form" comprehensively gives play to the party's disciplinary education, restraint, guarantee and incentive role. Discipline education is not only necessary for reality, but also historical heritage. General Secretary Xi Jinping talked about a historical detail: in October 1964, Comrade Zhou Enlai said in a report at the performance meeting of the music and dance epic "Dongfanghong" that Comrade Mao Zedong said that our party is "a party with discipline, armed with Marxist-Leninist theory, adopting self-criticism methods, and connecting with the masses of the people." it is no accident that Comrade Mao Zedong puts discipline at the forefront. Because this is the first condition that determines whether the Party can persist in the revolution, defeat the enemy and win victory ". If people do not follow the rules, they will be abolished; if the party does not follow the rules, it will be chaotic. The Communist Party of China, established in accordance with the principles of Marxist party building, has continuously strengthened the construction of discipline, and ensured that the whole party has unified thinking, unified will, and advanced in unison with iron discipline and strict organization, and led the people to achieve brilliant achievements in revolution, construction, and reform. The implementation of discipline requires the promotion of the organization and also depends on the consciousness of Party members. Discipline education is indispensable for party members to internalize compliance with rules and disciplines into conscious consciousness and externalize them into conscious behavior. Only by studying discipline can we know discipline, understand discipline, and finally observe discipline. Discipline education enables people to master discipline, keep alert, clarify the "bottom line" of discipline, and stay away from the "red line" of discipline ". Discipline education has become a regular practice in the struggle of the Communist Party of China for more than 100 years, and has accumulated rich content and valuable historical experience in long-term practice.
　　Promoting Discipline Education in Various Forms
Discipline education in concentrated learning education. In addition to the ongoing study and education on party discipline throughout the party, our party has also carried out more than a dozen concentrated study and education. Although these centralized learning and education are not based on discipline education, they always reflect the requirements of discipline. For example, one of the main contents of the Yan'an rectification movement is to oppose sectarianism, which itself has the meaning of discipline education. Another example is the rectification movement of the whole party in 1950, which focused on rectifying the style of leading cadres at all levels. The main content included correcting the mistakes of a few people who were corrupt and violated the law and discipline. For example, the comprehensive party consolidation that began in 1983 made it clear that "strengthening discipline" is one of the main tasks of party consolidation, and actively carried out various forms of discipline education in the process of party consolidation, which finally enhanced the sense of discipline of the whole party. The centralized education within the party in the new era also runs through the content of discipline education. Taking the "Three Strict and Three Reality" special education carried out among leading cadres at the county level and above in 2015 as an example, this concentrated education focused on solving outstanding problems such as wavering ideals and beliefs, ignoring the party's political discipline and political rules, and finally achieved the results of observing discipline and rules and creating a good political ecology.
Regular disciplinary education. This is mainly reflected in the routine discipline education in marching operations and the regular discipline education in party schools and schools at all levels, which later developed into the regular discipline education of the whole party and the whole army. In 1929, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China instructed the party organizations in western Hubei to "discipline education" in their future political tasks and work. The Red Army should hold regular criticism meetings to review the implementation of discipline; the promulgation of discipline should be explained to the soldiers, so that the soldiers can understand the requirements of discipline and develop the consciousness of observing discipline. Mao Zedong and other central leaders often remind local troops to strengthen discipline education in military training and make discipline education routine. In the Yan'an period, Mao Zedong summed up the party's learning and education experience in the "On the New Stage", and proposed to incorporate the party's discipline education into the party's overall political education plan to ensure the implementation and development of discipline education. Since then, discipline education has become a normalized measure in the party's political education. Regular discipline education can imperceptibly affect discipline executors through repeated reminders and continuous learning, so that they can acquire the consciousness of observing discipline and form the habit of maintaining discipline. After the founding of New China, the party and the army under its leadership continued to carry out regular discipline education, which shaped the consciousness of the whole party and the whole army to maintain discipline. General Secretary Xi Jinping specifically emphasized this: "Party organizations at all levels must actively explore ways to regularize and institutionalize disciplinary education, and do more work of lifting collars and pulling sleeves". The "two studies and one doing" study and education carried out in 2016 is committed to guiding the broad masses of party members to respect the party constitution and abide by party rules, and promote the expansion of inner-party education from the "key minority" to the broad masses of party members and from centralized education to regular education. The opinions on promoting the normalization and institutionalization of "two learning and one doing" learning and education adopted in 2017 is an institutional attempt to normalize discipline education. Promoting regular discipline education in an institutionalized way can give daily discipline education a more standardized way and ensure that daily discipline education plays a more lasting role.
　　Discipline education with multiple contents
Discipline is the main content of discipline education. The routine discipline education in marching operations focuses on combat discipline, mass discipline, and military discipline. From the perspective of discipline, including party discipline and party rules, the Chinese Communist Party's previous concentrated study and education has involved the study of related disciplines such as the "four obediences", the discipline of entering the city, the system of requesting instructions and reporting, the party constitution, and several guidelines on political life within the party.
Learning the classic literature related to discipline is a supplement to the study of party rules and discipline. During the Yan'an Rectification Movement, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China successively formulated more than 20 learning documents, including "Against Liberalism" and "On the Cultivation of Communist Party Members" and other classic chapters on discipline. In 1948, in order to correct local decentralism, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to establish and require the whole party to implement the "request for instructions and report system". For this reason, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China specially issued Lenin's "Left-wing" Infantile Disease in the Communist Movement ", requiring the whole party to study. Mao Zedong also instructed that the whole party should seriously study the second chapter of the book, especially the content against undiscipline and anarchy. The comprehensive party consolidation that began in 1983 clarified that the central task of the initial stage was "learning documents", and Mao Zedong's "Against Liberalism" and "Against Bureaucracy, Commandmentalism, and Violation of Law and Discipline" were the key learning content. The classics are transformed into behavioral consciousness through learning and education, and their influence travels through time and space and is passed on from generation to generation.
It is also a regular practice in the history of the party to write articles to explain the disciplinary provisions and the classic chapters related to discipline. During the Yan'an rectification movement, Jiefang Daily published a large number of editorials and theoretical articles to strengthen the unity and unity of the party and improve the understanding of discipline among Party members and cadres. In the comprehensive rectification of the party in 1983, the "People's Daily" published many commentator articles, which strengthened people's understanding of the importance of discipline.
　　Discipline education in a variety of ways
General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed that discipline education should not only give full play to the exemplary and incentive role of advanced models, but also carry out in-depth warning education of negative models. "It is necessary to strengthen discipline education, not to punish without teaching, to carry out warning education with the things around people, and to use typical cases to make more cadres blush and sweat, know their mistakes and stop, and" introspect themselves when they are not good. "so that iron discipline can be transformed into the daily habits and conscious compliance of party members and cadres." Typical cases have the most impact, which can make people more intuitively and truly realize that violations of discipline and law are closely related to the future and destiny of individuals. Violation of discipline and law can cause strong damage to personal life and work, and individuals pay a heavy price. Only by establishing a direct connection between himself and discipline can the discipline executor have a deep awe of discipline and willingly abide by discipline, rather than just stop at the obligatory obedience to the organization. During the Yan'an period, the party carried out strict discipline and law education through the Huang Kegong incident, demanding that "its own party members and members of the Red Army have to implement stricter discipline than ordinary civilians"; when emphasizing the "four obedience" discipline, Mao Zedong repeatedly cited Zhang Guotao's defection as an example, asking the whole party to take this as a lesson, and every Communist Party member must strengthen the political direction and oppose desertion. Organize disciplinary education for punishing Liu Ligu, an extensive discussion was carried out, which greatly improved the consciousness of party members, cadres and students in observing discipline. In the "three evils" movement, Zhang Zishan and Liu Qingshan were often used as negative teaching materials to remind party members and cadres to keep their minds clear and live a clean life. Finding problems through typical cases, dissecting the roots of thoughts, and using people and things around you as an example, this method of "promoting learning by case" continues and is widely used today.
It is a fine tradition formed by our party in its long-term practice to check the effectiveness of study by criticism and self-criticism. Criticism and self-criticism, which began with the Yan'an Rectification Movement, were often used in subsequent disciplinary education. The more representative ones are the review and implementation of the "request and report system" in 1948, the examination of thoughts and work with criticism and self-criticism in the rectification movement in 1950, and the criticism and self-criticism against the "Several Guidelines on Political Life within the Party" in 1980. The ongoing party discipline study and education requires the 2022 democratic life meeting of the leading bodies at or above the county level and the organizational life meeting of grass-roots party organizations to take the study and implementation of the "regulations on Disciplinary actions of the Communist Party of China" as an important part of the comparative inspection. The "Regulations on Disciplinary Actions of the Communist Party of China" also clearly stipulate that criticism and self-criticism should be carried out frequently. Criticism and self-criticism are the fine traditions of our party, which embodies the fine character of self-examination and self-cultivation of the Communist Party of China, and shows the behavior model of the Communist Party of China to promote implementation through learning and education. This demonstrates the fundamental purpose of discipline education, which is to improve the ideological awareness of party members and the conscious awareness of practicing discipline, so as to ensure the implementation of the party's line, principles and policies by the majority of party members, and to create a strong party with strong combat effectiveness and efficient execution.