How to Constructing the Library in the Period of the Central Soviet Area

The library cause in the Central Soviet Area was gradually formed and developed under the leadership of the Party and the Soviet government. Although the whole process was only a short period of 6 years, it had made remarkable achievements and played an outstanding role. It has realized the library cause of our party during the local ruling period. A revolutionary breakthrough from scratch, from small to large, from single to comprehensive. As an important position for books collection and reading, the library played an important role in the study of revolutionary theory and the dissemination of ideas during the period of the Central Soviet Area.

Clarify the Guiding Ideology of Serving the Revolutionary Struggle

The revolutionary struggle in the Central Soviet area is a struggle for the masses of the people under the leadership of the party, and it is necessary to publicize the party's revolutionary ideas and struggle strategies to the masses through libraries all over the country. in order to enhance the party's leadership in the revolutionary struggle and the centripetal force of the masses to the party. This determines that the library construction of the Central Soviet Area must serve the revolutionary struggle.
In order to make the guiding ideology of library construction deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and expand the role of the library in serving the revolutionary struggle, the authoritative publications and related documents of the Central Soviet Area have been widely publicized and specifically deployed many times. For example, the 34th issue of "Red China" issued a notice: "The library is to fully provide revolutionary workers with needs and to improve the cultural level of revolutionary comrades." Therefore, in all kinds of libraries at all levels led by the Central Library of the Chinese Soviet Union, Marxist-Leninist classics and practical military books such as the Communist Manifesto, the investigation of Caixi Township, and the handouts of Tactics are widely displayed. these books have provided theoretical and intellectual help for the broad masses of revolutionary masses to carry out struggle and improve their skills. The "Resolution of the Eight Counties Poor Peasants League Representative Cha Tian Movement Conference" passed in July 1933 required: "The establishment of clubs, Lenin primary schools, literacy classes, Lenin rooms, books and newspapers, wall newspapers, etc., to improve the cultural level of the workers and peasants." The promotion of this deployment has effectively enhanced the cultural level and revolutionary consciousness of the masses. Take Caixi Township as an example. By January 1934, except for children, about 30% of the more than 6400 people in the township could read more than 100 words, 30% of the women could check ordinary road tickets, about 8% could read "Struggle" by themselves, and about 6% could read "Red China" and write simple notes. It can be seen that the library construction in the Central Soviet Area played an important role in spreading the party's policy and line, improving the political consciousness of the cadres and the masses, and strengthening the construction of the red regime, and effectively served the needs of the revolutionary struggle.

Formulate and implement strict and effective management system

The library is a public institution, and the strict management system is the basic guarantee for its orderly operation. During the period of the Central Soviet Area, the Party and the Soviet government focused on the special circumstances of the war environment and the special needs of the revolutionary struggle, and made many pioneering and useful explorations in the library management system.
The construction of library system is becoming more and more strict under the great attention of the party and the Soviet government. On the one hand, the management department of the library was clarified in the organizational system of the Soviet regime in an institutionalized manner. For example, in April 1933, the Ministry of the people's Committee of education promulgated the interim organizational outline of the Ministry of education of provinces, counties, districts and cities and education committees at all levels, which stipulates that the education departments at all levels of provinces, counties and districts should set up social education departments to be specially responsible for managing reading places such as clubs, books and newspapers reading rooms and libraries. In April 1934, the "Club Outline" formulated by the Ministry of Education People's Committee clearly defined the nature, institutional settings, personnel composition, funding sources, work schedules, organizational forms, responsibilities and tasks of the club (library) in the form of educational regulations. On the other hand, a series of detailed institutional arrangements have been carried out in the specific operation of the library. Among them, the system design of the Central Library of the Chinese Soviet Republic is the most scientific and complete, and practical provisions have been made in the aspects of book cataloging registration, opening hours, borrowing rules, damage compensation and so on. For example, in order to take into account that some people are too busy to read during the day, the Central Library specially postponed the closing time to 11 pm. As night fell, there was an endless stream of cadres and masses who came to read. They either sat in the library or sat outside the library, reading with relish under the dim oil lamp, making the wind of learning more and more prosperous. Some grassroots libraries (rooms) also formulate strict management rules and regulations based on their own actual conditions. For example, in December 1929, the Special Committee of the Communist Youth League in Fujian and Western China clearly emphasized the management of the "book newspaper office": "all books and books must be registered" and "books must be numbered". Provisions like this are simple but practical, ensuring that all book activities are rule-based.

Establish and improve the organizational structure

From the beginning, the library construction in the period of the Central Soviet Area focused on the needs of the real revolution in the Soviet Area, broke the simplification of library mode and function, and focused on setting up and building a characteristic library organization system that was close to reality, flexible in operation and outstanding in effect.
From the perspective of organizational structure, the Central Soviet Area formed a library organization system with the Central Library of the Chinese Soviet as the core, with the library (room), club, reading (book) room, wall newspaper, exhibition room, Lenin room and other cultural propaganda positions to play the role of the library. At that time, all levels in the Central Soviet Area required the establishment of various types of libraries. On December 6, 1933, the "Resolution on Cultural and Educational Construction" passed by the Su Sixth Plenary Session of Yongxin County pointed out in the specific tasks of cultural construction in the future: "Establish a club, a literacy committee, and a book and newspaper reading office in one township., Each village establishes an evening school, a literacy branch, and a rural wall newspaper." According to incomplete statistics, as of 1934, 1656 clubs and Lenin rooms had been established in the villages of the Soviet areas of Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong provinces. These various institutions with different names and concentrated on the functions of the library together formed a unique library organization system during the Central Soviet Area, which stimulated and guaranteed the reading enthusiasm of the masses. "Youth Truth" published a libretto in 1933, restoring the interesting reading scene in Lenin's room: you see "Red China" \I see "Youth Truth" \he ran around laughing \"Lenin's room" is really good \come on, I ask you \whether he is military or political \your answer is reasonable \I will give you a flower. The unique organizational form of the library has increased the channels for the broad masses of cadres and the Red Army officers and soldiers to read and learn, and the revolutionary atmosphere in the Central Soviet area is unprecedentedly high.

Give full play to the strength of the masses

The relatively backward economy and culture and the cruel war environment made the development of the library cause in the Central Soviet Area face great difficulties. It is for this reason that the Party and the Soviet governments at all levels urgently need the participation of revolutionary groups and the broad masses.
The library construction in the Central Soviet Area practiced the mass line of "from the masses to the masses", which effectively promoted the vigorous development of the library cause. In the early stage of library construction, the party and the Soviet government deeply realized the valuable role of the mass force. In the "Resolution on Cultural Work of the Second Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi Provincial Soviet Conference" passed in the autumn of 1932, it was pointed out that in some areas, "the club's reading, literacy, newspaper reading, and research work have not been effectively established. The biggest disadvantage is that it has not absorbed the masses. Participate in club work". Since then, under the vigorous mobilization of the Soviet government, the masses participated widely, which effectively promoted the rapid development of the library cause in the Central Soviet Area. For example, at the beginning of its establishment, the Central Library published a book solicitation notice in "Red China" in order to fully collect folk treasures, and clearly proposed to solicit books from "comrades and revolutionary groups. In less than two months, various units of the Red Army, various departments of the Soviet area, and cadres and masses donated more than 20000 books, such as the course of Grain managers, the interpretation of Primary School laws and regulations, and the Application of tactical principles, which greatly enriched and enriched the collection resources of the Central Library. It can be seen that it is precisely because of the majestic power of the masses that the library cause in the Central Soviet area period can be carried out vigorously.

Source: Learning Times