How to promote the construction of clean government in Yan'an period

During the Yan'an period, our party focused on the practical requirements of local governance, in order to prevent corruption from eroding the party's healthy body and consolidating the party's governance security, put the construction of a clean government in an important position, and adopted a series of measures to create a clean government that suits the needs of the time. Road and achieved outstanding results.

　　Put ideological education in the first place 
Strengthen education in ideals and beliefs. In response to the problems of some party members and cadres in the party at that time, such as the lack of firm revolutionary beliefs, Mao Zedong warned the whole party to prevent "the Kuomintang's inducement of promotion and wealth to Communist Party cadres". In "On the Cultivation of Communist Party Members", Liu Shaoqi requires party members to have the revolutionary firmness and revolutionary integrity of "the rich and the rich cannot be lewd, the poor cannot be moved, and the mighty cannot be subdued. In 1938, Mao Zedong issued a call to the whole party to carry out faith education. Subsequently, it also guided the Party Central Committee to formulate the "Instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Study of Cadres" and other systems, requiring the whole party to earnestly grasp the education of beliefs and beliefs through various forms such as the rectification movement. for a marxist political party, firm ideals and convictions are derived from marxist theoretical education. Zhang Wentian made a figurative metaphor for this, putting forward: Marxist-Leninist theory "needs us as the air does to people". Therefore, during this period, the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University and other cadre schools took the basic theory of Marxism-Leninism as an important course content.
Carry out mass concept education. our party comes from the people, is rooted in the people, and serves the people. The masses of the people are the fundamental support for the revolution. Mao Zedong and other revolutionaries of the older generation repeatedly called on the whole Party to understand: "The masses are the real heroes." Mao Zedong educated the majority of Party members and cadres to realize that "regardless of their positions, they are the people's servants, and everything we do is to serve the people, so what bad things do we have that we can't afford to throw away?" It has been proved that solid education on the concept of the masses has brought Party members and cadres closer to the masses in the countryside, factories and other frontline areas. For example, the party members and cadres of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Government continue to go deep into the front line of production, work with the masses, and truly realize "do it yourself, have enough food and clothing". In the "Zhao Zhankui Movement", a large number of party members and cadres went deep into the factory to participate in production in person, which greatly increased the output and continuously reduced the production cost. Inspired by party members and cadres, young people from some schools have come to work at the grass-roots level nearest to the masses, such as rural areas and factories.
 

　　Pay attention to the construction of laws and regulations
Laws and regulations can provide strong support for the construction of a clean government in the form of rigid compulsory constraints. Therefore, during the Yan'an period, our party made great efforts to promote the construction of laws and regulations while strengthening ideological education.
To formulate a programmatic document of a constitutional nature. For example, in August 1937, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an enlarged meeting of the Politburo in Luochuan, and passed the first constitutional legal document "The Ten Programs of the Communist Party of China to Resist Japan and Save the Nation", which proposed to "eradicate corrupt officials and establish a clean government". This is the first time in the history of the party to put forward the policy program of clean government. From January 1939 to April 1946, the three sessions of the Senate held in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region passed the "Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Policy Program during the Anti-Japanese War" and "Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Policy Program. Although they have their own emphasis, they all take "strictly enforcing clean politics and severely punishing the corruption of public servants" as an important content. Facts have proved that these programmatic documents have provided a strong guarantee for the construction of a clean government.
Formulate special laws and regulations to prevent and punish corruption. severely punishing corruption is the most direct measure for building a clean government. In the cruel environment of revolutionary struggle, our party gradually realized that the construction of a clean government can not only rely on ideological education, but also need to severely punish corruption. To this end, the Party established a number of special laws and regulations to punish corruption during the Yan'an period. The "Interim Regulations of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Government on Punishing Corruption" and "Regulations on Punishing Corruption in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region (Draft)", which have been widely quoted so far, are the models of severely punishing corruption during this period. Although they focused on the prevention of corruption crimes, they covered a wide range and directly promoted the construction of a clean government at that time. For example, the ''Interim Regulations of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Government on Punishing Corruption, ''promulgated in August 1938, deducted or withheld property that should be issued or paid, forcibly seized or forcibly recruited property, bought and sold public goods, and embezzled public goods. Ten behaviors including property were designated as corruption crimes, which played a great deterrent effect on party members and cadres.
 

　　Strengthening multidimensional and multidisciplinary oversight
Supervision is a powerful tool and an important means of building a clean government. Therefore, during the Yan'an period, our party attached great importance to the construction of the supervision system.
Pay attention to the supervision of the masses. In July 1945, Mao Zedong put forward in his "cave dwelling match" with Huang Yanpei that "only by letting the people supervise the government can the government dare not relax", which is a vivid explanation of the supervision of the masses. At that time, the government of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region clearly stated that party members and cadres at all levels must treat the supervision of the masses correctly, and the exposure of the masses "must be serious and responsible, seek truth from facts, and deal with it fairly. The behavior of personnel".
The supervisory role of the border district, county and township councils will be brought into play. The regulations on the Organization of the Councils at all levels in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border region, adopted in November 1941, stipulates that the Councils have the right to supervise and impeach the government and its public servants at the same level in accordance with the law, as well as the judicial organs and their staff at the same level in accordance with the law. The Councils at the border and county levels also set up resident committees to mainly perform the supervisory functions during the intersessional period.
Party and government supervision. In 1938, the Party Central Committee decided to set up a supervisory committee under the Party committee of the border region, which mainly played the role of supervising the implementation of the party's constitution by Party organs, cadres and Party members at all levels. In 1945, the Seventh National Congress of the Party stipulated that the Party's Central Supervisory Committee and local supervisory committees could be established when necessary. In order to strengthen the supervision of various government departments, the border region government has also established an audit office and an administrative ombudsman's office to promote the integrity of public servants.

　　Strictly enforce the punishment of corruption 
Throughout the ages, rewards and punishments are clearly the inherent requirements of the construction of a clean government. During the Yan'an period, our party paid great attention to rewards and punishments in the process of promoting the construction of a clean government.
and severely deal with corruption. In view of the situation that a small number of people try to break the law or can not resist external temptation, the party clearly puts forward that "party members who break the law shall be severely punished." For example, in October 1937, Huang Kegong, the captain of the sixth team of the Anti-Corruption University, killed Liu Xi, a female student of the Northern Shaanxi Public School, because he failed to fall in love. After the court trial, Huang Kegong was sentenced to death. Later, Huang Kegong wrote to the court and wrote a letter to Mao Zedong, requesting to remember his ten years of hard work and leave a life. In this regard, Mao Zedong firmly supported the court's judgment and pointed out in his reply: precisely because Huang Kegong is different from an ordinary person, "the Communist Party and the Red Army have to enforce stricter discipline for their own party members and members of the Red Army than ordinary civilians". Liu Zhenqiu used public funds to buy private luxury goods, even secretly communicated with reactionists, was expelled from the party, Xiao Yubi used his position to embezzle and was sentenced to death in accordance with the law, and other similar cases were all typical cases of severe punishment of corruption during the Yan'an period. These strong punishment measures have greatly deterred party members and cadres, and the effect of clean government has been significantly improved.
Promote integrity with awards. While intensifying the punishment of corruption, the party also emphasizes the praise of diligent behavior such as diligence and love for the people, honesty and integrity. For example, the "Interim Regulations on Rewarding Cadres at All Levels in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region" proposes six reward methods: "promotion, merit (great merit or merit), medal awards, written awards (commendation, commendation, newspaper commendation), material awards, oral awards (public publicity, etc.)" and reward typical clean government in daily work. According to statistics, in the six years from 1938 to 1944, more than 6000 people were rewarded.
A salary to support a clean government. For example, the "Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Policy Program" stipulates that a comprehensive supply system shall be implemented for public servants, and materials and necessary allowances shall be provided to meet the basic living needs of themselves and their families. Facts have proved that this has largely curbed corruption such as drilling positions and seeking privileges.
 

Source: Learning Times