Exploration of the Party's Political Construction in Jinggangshan Period

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized at the celebration of the 100 anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China: "On the new journey, we must keep in mind the principle that we must be hard on our own, strengthen the political consciousness of comprehensively and strictly governing the party, and take the party's political construction as the command., Continue to advance the new great project of party building in the new era." The political construction of the party during the Jinggangshan period provided a strong guarantee for forging an advanced proletarian party and a new type of people's army.
Clarify the Political Attributes of the Party and the Army
Political construction is the fundamental construction of the party, which determines the direction and effect of the party's construction. The establishment of a new type of people's army under the leadership of the party is the prerequisite for the victory of the Chinese revolution and the guarantee for the proletariat to seize power.
In the process of leading the creation of the people's army, Mao Zedong made great creations in political work and gradually formed the thought of political army building. In response to the prominent problems that deviate from the political direction, such as banditry within the Fourth Red Army, pure military views, and reversing political and military relations, he incisively pointed out that "the military is only one of the tools to accomplish political tasks." "China's Red Army is an armed group that carries out revolutionary political tasks". He emphasized that "politics leads the military, not the military leads politics", thus clarifying the relationship between the military and politics, and clarifying the political functions and political goals of the military; he also advocated "stepping up the political training of officers and soldiers" and "from education. Improve the political level of the party and eliminate the theoretical roots of pure military views". These expositions have pointed out the direction for strengthening the political work of the army and are the source of the scientific thesis that "political work is the lifeline of the Red Army.
Safeguarding the authority of the Party Central Committee and centralized and unified leadership
To strengthen the party's political construction, we must adhere to the party's leadership over all work, constantly improve the party's leadership system, and consolidate the authority and centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee.
and establish "the party's absolute leadership over the army". An important content of the adaptation of Sanwan is to establish the principle of "building branches on the company" and implement the party representative system. All major issues in the army are collectively discussed and decided by the party organization, and the principle of "the party commands the gun" has been guaranteed by the organization. The resolution of the Gutian Conference pointed out that the party should become the "leadership center" of the army and implement the political commissar system. All orders issued by military organs shall be countersigned by political commissars.
Implement the Party's request for instructions and reporting requirements. Although the system of asking for instructions and reporting within the party had not yet been formed at that time, the central government stipulated that all base areas should report on their work on a regular basis. The Struggle in Jinggangshan, written by Mao Zedong in November 1928, is a report written to the Central Committee on behalf of the Front Committee of the Fourth Red Army, which comprehensively summarizes the actual local situation and puts forward problems to be asked for instructions and solved.
Implementation of the inspection system. The "Resolution of the Second Party Congress of the Counties on the Hunan-Jiangxi Border" stipulates: "The special committee and county committees must have more than four inspectors to regularly guide the work of subordinates and help the transformation of party departments at all levels." It is the effective implementation of the inspection system that enables the construction of the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base to understand the latest policies of the central government in a timely manner, and to ensure the guidance of the work of the counties, districts and townships in the base area. At the same time, through the inspectors, the experience of the struggle in Jinggangshan was widely disseminated throughout the country.
Pay Attention to Inner-Party Ideological Education
An important task of the party's political construction is to strengthen the political beliefs of party members and cadres through ideological education within the party. During the Jinggangshan period, Mao Zedong advocated to improve the political level of the party from the education.
Firm the political belief that the revolution will win. After Mao Zedong led the Autumn Harvest Uprising troops to the Jinggangshan Mountains, in response to the doubts of some in the Party about "how long the red flag was fought", Mao Zedong focused on the characteristics of Chinese society and the Chinese revolution and wrote brilliant works such as "Why Can China's Red Regime Exist?" and "The Struggle in Jinggangshan", which demonstrated the subjective and objective conditions for the long-term existence and development of the red regime, and the future of the party.
Political training through education and training. Organize multiple party and league training courses to conduct situation education, class education, party spirit education and party basic theory education. Mao Zedong, Peng Dehuai, Chen Yi and others took advantage of the war gap to give lessons to the soldiers in person. Through collective speeches, drama performances, ballads, slogan recognition, heart-to-heart activities, and mutual discussions, the ideological and political quality of the majority of party members, cadres and soldiers has been comprehensively improved.
Highlighting the Political Standards of Party Members
After the correct line and policy are determined, cadres are the decisive factor. During the Jinggangshan period, our party trained a large number of cadres in the practice of revolutionary struggle, which laid an organizational foundation for creating a new situation in base area construction and party building.
Strictly control the entry point of joining the Party and highlight political conditions. Strictly limit the composition of party members, develop and recruit outstanding workers and peasants into the party, and increase the proportion of workers and poor peasants in the party's leading organs at all levels. The resolution of the Gutian Conference passed in December 1929 clarified the five conditions for joining the party, that is, "there is no wrong political concept (including class consciousness); faithful; have the spirit of sacrifice and can work actively; have no concept of making foreign wealth; do not eat opium, Don't gamble", clearly set "no mistakes in political concepts" as the primary condition for joining the party. For example, those who have wrong political concepts, eat opium, make a fortune and gamble, and do not change after repeated precepts, regardless of whether they are cadres or non-cadres, will be eliminated from the party.
strict political discipline and rules
Strict party discipline and rules are our party's fine traditions and political advantages. During the Jinggangshan period, the party and the Red Army formulated and enforced strict discipline, and set up a special discipline inspection team to check the implementation of discipline by the whole army and deal with those who violated discipline in accordance with the regulations. In the party's discipline and rules, political discipline and political rules are the first. The first of the "three major disciplines and six points of attention" formulated by Mao Zedong is "all actions follow the command", which is about political discipline. The principle of "the party commands the gun" established during this period ensured the party's absolute leadership over the army and was one of the most important political rules of the Communist Party of China.
The Gutian Conference was an important meeting in the history of the Party to establish rules. The resolution of the Gutian Conference emphasized "strict implementation of democratic life under centralized guidance." All party members must implement the resolutions of the party organization unconditionally. A small number of dissenting opinions can be retained or reflected through the party organization, but only if they are obeyed. A series of rules set by the Gutian Conference promoted the unity and unity of the Fourth Red Army and the healthy development of political life within the party.
Close contact with the masses
The will of the people is the greatest politics, and uniting and relying on the masses is an important magic weapon for the establishment and development of the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base. The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army under the leadership of the Communist Party of China regards "doing mass work" as one of the three major tasks, and shoulders the major task of "propagating the masses, organizing the masses, arming the masses, and helping the masses establish a revolutionary regime. Lead the people to establish a government of workers, peasants and soldiers, fight against local tyrants and divide their fields, and promulgate the Jinggangshan Land Law. Mao Zedong and Zhu De took the lead in picking grain up the mountains, and the "officers, soldiers and people" lived a life of "clothing and clothing, food and food", "salt and salty, no salt and light. The people of Jinggangshan devoted themselves to the revolutionary struggle of weaving straw sandals, digging herbs, boiling salt, running clothing factories and ordnance factories. The party, the Red Army and the masses built a "real iron wall" against the enemy ". The defense of the Huangyang boundary was won by less than more, and the siege of Yongxin was besieged by less than one regiment to trap 11 regiments of enemy troops near the county seat for 25 days, all of which were achieved under the support and cover of the masses. The Jinggangshan area has so far sung folk songs such as "Azal Red" and "Ten Sending the Red Army" that reflect the harmonious and harmonious military-civilian relationship and the relationship between the party and the masses.
The Jinggangshan period is a glorious page in the history of the Chinese revolution. The Chinese Communists, mainly represented by Comrade Mao Zedong, not only walked out of a road to victory in the democratic revolution in which the countryside surrounded the city and seized power by armed forces, but also carried out pioneering exploration and practice in the party's political construction. Reviewing and summarizing these achievements and experiences is of great theoretical and practical significance for promoting the comprehensive and in-depth development of strict governance of the party and improving the scientific level of the party's political construction in the new era.

Source: The Masses, No. 16, 2021