On the day Japan announced its surrender, the New Fourth Army came to Nanjing-from the anti-Japanese democratic government in Hengshan County to the site of the surrender signing ceremony for the Japanese invaders.

At 9: 00 on September 9, 1945, Nanjing, the Japanese aggressors finally descended from the table. What is less known is that as early as the day Japan announced its unconditional surrender on August 15, the New Fourth Army entered the suburbs of Nanjing, and the Japanese army also sent envoys to negotiate the surrender of the New Fourth Army. In order to welcome this day, the New Fourth Army's unyielding struggle around the Japanese and puppet ruling centers in China began shortly after the fall of Nanjing.

　Signing the victory, the ceremony was actually very simple.

On August 31, the reporter came to the site of the signing ceremony of the surrender of the Japanese invaders in the Chinese theater to review the scene of the fixed history again.

The signing ceremony of the surrender was held in a quaint and solemn European-style building, which was originally the auditorium of the Central Army Academy, which was completed in 1929. As soon as you enter the door, it is the famous hall that is familiar to the world. The 1:1 wax figure restoration signing ceremony in the hall was fixed at the historical moment when Kobayashi Asaburo, chief of the general staff of the "Chinese Dispatch Army" of the Japanese invaders, submitted a letter of surrender to He Yingqin, commander-in-chief of the Chinese Theater Army.

The commentator Xu Dan told the journalist that after the surrender ceremony officially started, He Yingqin ordered Okamura Yasuji, the commander-in-chief of the "Chinese Dispatched Army" of the Japanese invading China, to hand in the certification documents signed by the representative, and then took out the surrender letter for him to sign. Okamura signed and sealed it after reading it in a hurry, and then Komayashi Asaburo presented it to He Yingqin with both hands. He Yingqin also signed and sealed it after inspection. At 9:15, He Yingqin ordered Okamura Ningji and other Japanese representatives to withdraw, and the surrender ceremony ended in 20 minutes.

"This is a historic 20 minutes, which symbolizes the final defeat of Japan's nearly 100-year war of aggression against China since the mid-19th century! It also symbolizes the final end of the Japanese army's eight-year colonial rule over Nanjing!" Xu Dan said.

On both sides of the restoration scene, there are respectively a picture of the situation of the Anti-Japanese War in the Chinese War Zone and Chen Jian's famous huge oil painting "Nanjing at 9: 00 on September 9, 1945 A.D.". On the eve of the Victory Day of the Anti-Japanese War in 2014, the reporter happened to meet Chen Jian when he visited here. According to him, this painting is a copy and the original work is in the Chinese People's Anti-Japanese War Memorial Hall. The content of the picture did not completely copy the moment when Kobayashi Asaburo's surrender book. For example, there were more than 190 spectators than real history, many of whom were members of all walks of life in China, reflecting that the people were the main body of the war of resistance. Among the flags of the member states of the United Nations and the onlookers of the Allied soldiers, the Soviet Union, which was actually absent, symbolized the victory in the victory of the anti-fascist war.

The background of the oil painting was 8 Roman columns at the entrance of the signing auditorium. Chen Jian said that they were "moved" in when they were created. Indeed, no matter the historical photos or the scene in the historical materials, there is no grandeur in the painting. Hu Zhuoran, a member of the Provincial New Fourth Army Research Association, told reporters that Xia Lumin, deputy director of the General Affairs Department of the Kuomintang Army Headquarters, who arranged for the surrender of the auditorium, once recalled that the auditorium was seriously damaged by the Japanese army. The auditorium was temporarily surrounded by white cloth barriers, and the bodies of 18 Chinese killed by the Japanese army were also found in the early cleaning of the auditorium.

　Hengshan Anti-Japanese, the regime under the eyes of the Japanese puppet

On the morning of September 1, the reporter came to Xucheng Community, Hengxi Street, Jiangning District, to visit the former site of the anti-Japanese democratic government in Hengshan County. This is a large mansion with eight-shaped gate house, carved door cover and tied horse stone. It was originally the residence of local landlord Yu Shaozhang, but it is now in the courtyard. When the New Fourth Army came back in 1938, the first to arrive was the Hengshan area of Nanjing.

On May 19, 1938, Su Yu led the advance detachment of the New Fourth Army into Gaochun. "From this day to the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the struggle there has never been broken." Hu Zhuoran said that this also means that only half a year after the fall of Nanjing at the end of 1937, the Chinese army killed back and persisted in the struggle around Hengshan.

Why did you choose Hengshan? Mao Wenxuan, vice chairman of the Hengxi Street Federation of Literary and Art Circulars, told reporters that 80% of the area is hilly across the two provinces of Jiangsu and Anhui, and Hengshan, with hundreds of miles across, dense jungles and river branches, provides a good environment for insisting on guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines.

A newly discovered Japanese report documents the struggle of the New Fourth Army. On January 11, 1939, the Japanese Consul General in Nanjing issued a report to the Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs, stating that on December 25, 31, 1938 and January 5, 1939, the New Fourth Army operating in Jiangning area made three consecutive surprise attacks. Dongliu Town (now Kirin Street) and other places "more than ten kilometers east of Zhongshan Gate. Hu Zhuoran introduced that the report also included Japanese leaflets signed "New Fourth Army Political Department" distributed after the New Fourth Army captured Dongliu Town.

"The Kuomintang is gone, the New Fourth Army is here, and it insists on fighting guerrillas in Hengshan and dealing with the enemy. This has united people's hearts and strengthened confidence." Mao Wenxuan said: this not only tells the enemy that the ranks of the Communist Party are still there, but also tells the people that they will resolutely fight against the enemy.

The establishment of the anti-Japanese democratic government in Hengshan County declared that this land was effectively managed by the Chinese. The anti-Japanese regime under the enemy's nose like this is also the anti-Japanese democratic government of Zhuzhen City in Liuhe. By the time of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, these anti-Japanese landmarks had been scattered in the suburbs of Nanjing, encircling the Japanese and puppet ruling centers in China.

　straight to Longtan, the New Fourth Army was the first to arrive in Nanjing

This encirclement of the New Fourth Army forced the Japanese and puppet forces to regard the New Fourth Army as their main opponent. The most typical example is that on the day when Japan announced its unconditional surrender 75 years ago, three representatives from Yasuji Okamura came to Liuhezhu Town to negotiate the surrender of the New Fourth Army.

On August 15, 1945, the military headquarters of the New Fourth Army reported to Yan'an that Okamura Yasuji "sent three representatives to our base area". The Chronicle of Zhang Yunyi states that Zhang Yunyi, then deputy commander of the New Fourth Army, and others went to "Liuhe Bamboo Town to contact the surrender" on the 15th ". Hu Zhuoran said that this was the earliest negotiation record of the Chinese army after Japan's surrender, which was nearly a week earlier than Zhijiang's surrender.

On the day of Japan's surrender, the Nanjing detachment (also known as the first detachment in the south of the Yangtze River) formed by the Second Division of the New Fourth Army also crossed the river from Liuhe Fazikou and arrived in Nanjing first, occupying Qixia Mountain and Longtan, the gateway of Nanjing. Fang Zhiming, director of the political department of the detachment, wrote a poem on the same day: "Look at the Zhonghua Gate in Nanjing" and "Flying soldiers cross the river and Qixia Mountain". The political commissar of the detachment, Sha Wenhan, also wrote a poem "It is not long after hearing the sound of guns, the former army has been pulled into Longtan" to reflect this historical fact. Hu Zhuoran told reporters that Japan's newly declassified World War II archives a few years ago recorded the actions of the so-called "Yan'an Army" before and after Japan's surrender, explicitly mentioning that 500 members of the New Fourth Army entered the northern part of Longtan in Nanjing, and about 7000 members of the New Fourth Army in the Zhenjiang-Gaozigan area east of Nanjing, confirming our records.

the new fourth army even approached the nanjing city wall. On September 1, 1945, Takeo Imai, deputy chief of staff of the "China Dispatch Army" of the Japanese invaders, stated in a report that the New Fourth Army had previously hit Yuhuatai and shelled Tongji Gate from Yuhuatai. Hu Zhuoran collected the memoirs of Shiro Takahashi, a Japanese soldier stationed in Nanjing at that time, and recorded the panic of the Japanese army. On the morning of August 15, Gao Qiao was urgently deployed with his troops to the "Great Ring Island" (now Nanjing Gulou Turntable) near the headquarters of the "Chinese Dispatched Army". The Japanese army received an order: "The New Fourth Army is heading for Nanjing. Must defend here." The Japanese officers and soldiers were very nervous after receiving the order. Gao Qiao immediately remembered that when he was exercising in the suburbs of Nanjing two days ago, he saw an army holding a gun to confront them on the edge of the opposite mountain peak. At this time, Fang was shocked to realize that it should be the New Fourth Army.

Source: Xinhua Daily