Qian Zhuangfei who penetrated the "heart" of the enemy

Qian Zhuangfei is an outstanding representative of the early hidden front struggle of the Communist Party of China. His wit and bravery are admirable, and his heroic achievements are awe-inspiring. Zhou Enlai once listed him as the "Three Outstanding Heroes of Longtan" in the Party's intelligence work alongside Li Kernong and Hu ". With his loyalty to the revolutionary cause, Qian Zhuangfei went deep into the tiger's den and made outstanding contributions to safeguarding the security of the Party Central Committee. His achievements will always be engraved in the annals of the Chinese revolution.

The same couple on the revolutionary road

Qian Zhuangfei was born in 1896 in Huzhou, Zhejiang Province. His real name was Qian Zhuangqiu, also known as Qian Chao. He is witty and humorous and good at social parties. He is a typical gifted scholar in the south of the Yangtze River. In 1915, he was admitted to the National Beijing Medical School (now Peking University School of Medicine). He was very active during the school. He not only graduated with medical qualifications, but also gained sweet love. Zhang Zhenhua, whom he envied, was also the "guide" of his revolution. Zhang Zhenhua's family was well-off, and he often supported Qian Zhuangfei during school to help him successfully complete his studies. The common revolutionary ideals and mutual appreciation and care made them tie the knot. Zhang Zhenhua was born in a famous family, influenced by family culture, independent and free from vulgarity, and refused to bind her feet. Her natural feet made her the nickname "left big feet. However, this intellectual woman did not take it seriously at all, because the openness of her mind was far better than her "hands and feet". With her free mind, she could accept Qian's mother and Qian Zhuangfei's wife and children to live together.

After graduation, Qian Zhuangfei worked in the Affiliated Hospital of Beijing Jingsui Railway Bureau, while Zhang Zhenhua worked as a doctor in Tiantan Infectious Disease Hospital. If the years are quiet, life is doomed to be pleasant. However, they are in an era of ideological agitation. In the world of the early 20th century, revolution and war have become the theme. In the surging East, every aspiring young man who wants to change the face of old China is doomed to fight and rise and fall in the belief choice of "ism. Zhang Zhenhua's second brother, who studied at the Sino-French University in Beijing, accepted revolutionary ideas earlier and became an early member of the Communist Party of China. Under his influence, Qian Zhuangfei and his wife began to accept Marxism and embarked on the road of revolution. In 1925, Zhang Zhenhua joined the Communist Party of China, and the following year Qian Zhuangfei also became a member of the Communist Party of China. Qian Zhuangfei and his wife often used their medical profession to cover the revolution. They once distributed leaflets together in public places such as Beihai Park. Their medicine boxes marked with the Red Cross were often filled with paste for posting slogans. They often went to the Party's underground organs or the residence of a comrade for "visits". The leather bags marked with the Red Cross were often filled with Party secret documents. But all this ended with the death of revolutionary pioneer Li Dazhao in Beijing and the failure of the Great Revolution. In the city of Beijing under the white terror, Qian Zhuangfei's identity was exposed. In order to avoid being wanted, the organization arranged for him to be transferred to Shanghai. The transformation of revolutionary space has also turned Beijing's "Qian Zhuangqiu" into Shanghai's "Qian Zhuangfei". And their home in Shanghai will also be the "joint point" for the secret gathering of the underground party of the Communist Party of China in the future ".

versatile agent potential

The legendary story of Qian Zhuangfei's red agent remains in the history of the Chinese revolution, but people seldom talk about his artistic talent and extraordinary wisdom. However, it was his extraordinary artistic achievements and calm and witty character that created his agent potential and made his red agent's wonderful life.

Qian Zhuangfei has a wide range of interests. He is proficient in medical skills and has offered anatomy courses. He is good at painting, calligraphy and drama creation. He is an excellent film actor and architectural designer. But unlike ordinary artists, his art contains profound revolutionary connotation and firm belief.

In 1926, Qian Zhuangfei and Xu Guanghua founded Guanghua Film Company at Huguo Temple in Beijing as a cover for the secret work of the Party. In the film "Yanshan Hidden Man" exported by the company, Qian Zhuangfei played the leading actor Ma Xingfei. The film has not been copied for the world, but the poster of the film proves the fact that he took part in the film.

Qian Zhuangfei once practiced medicine, taught at the National Junior College of Fine Arts School, and worked as an editor in a small newspaper. "He often invited some comrades to his home to 'play pokers', and the party's secret meetings were often held at the poker table". In his seemingly ordinary daily life, the undercurrent is surging all the time, and in Qian Zhuangfei's witty socializing, the party's important information is constantly transmitted.

Qian Zhuangfei is also a radio enthusiast. After the failure of the Great Revolution, Qian Zhuangfei lost contact with the organization when he first entered Shanghai, and his life was difficult. In the second half of 1928, the Shanghai International Radio Management Office recruited students. Inadvertently, Qian Zhuangfei was admitted as the first place to take up administrative work such as painting advertising pictures and soliciting business. This is an external agency run by the Kuomintang Construction Committee, which specializes in sending and receiving international telegrams for foreigners. Although it is not a secret secret agency of the Kuomintang, it is a very useful place to hide the backbone of party members and master radio sending and receiving technology and related intelligence.

Qian Zhuangfei did not expect that this inadvertent examination, forced by life, would later demonstrate the earth-shattering spy war of the Republic of China.

The first time you enter the tiger's den

In February 1928, the Fourth Plenary Session of the Second Central Committee of the Kuomintang decided to establish the National Construction Committee, and Zhang Jingjiang, a master of financial management of the Kuomintang, served as the chairman of the Construction Committee. In July, in order to develop the telecommunications industry, the Construction Committee established the Radio Business Management Office, and his Huzhou countryman Chen Lifu was responsible for this work. Chen Lifu then sent his fellow countryman Xu Enzeng, a member of the KMT Central Unification Secret Service Organization, to Shanghai as Director of the Radio Administration. In the early summer of this year, Qian Zhuangfei passed the examination and was hired by the radio training class of the Shanghai Radio Administration. Because Qian Zhuangfei is smart and capable, he has become a leader in the training class.

Before long, Qian Zhuangfei came to prominence for his participation in the first West Lake International Expo. Qian Zhuangfei participated in the exhibition as a staff member who mastered radio high technology. He wrote an article in the "West Lake Expo Special Number" of Volume 3 of "Oriental Magazine" in 1929 to introduce the "General Situation of Special Exhibitions": The three showrooms set up by the Construction Committee in the special exhibitions not only have pictures of the inside and outside of the radio stations of the provinces affiliated to the Construction Committee, but also display several radio transmitters and one automatic receiver made by the radio mechanism factory affiliated to the radio management office, the most attractive thing about the booth, such as radio and accessories, was the experience of receiving and sending telegrams, which once caused the booth to be "very crowded". Qian Zhuangfei's department showcased China's most advanced radio technology at the time. The radio management office was in the limelight at the West Expo and was appreciated by KMT officials such as Kong Xiangxi and Song Ailing who came to visit. Afterwards, Xu Enzeng was praised by Chen Lifu and promoted to director of the investigation department of the Central Organization Department of the Kuomintang. Qian Zhuangfei not only did an excellent job in organizing the exhibition, but also was trusted for Xu Enzeng's small fortune. After the meeting, Xu En asked him to serve as his confidential secretary to undertake the important task of setting up a "secret intelligence network.

Qian Zhuangfei felt that this change in work was of great importance and he reported it to Zhou Enlai in time. Zhou Enlai thought the opportunity was rare and put forward the instruction of bringing the Kuomintang secret service organization to serve the Communist Party of China. He decided to let Li Kinong and Hu di enter the enemy's interior respectively and form a special party group with Qian Zhuangfei, which was directly led by the central special branch. According to this, Qian Zhuangfei introduced his daughter Qian Jiaojiao, son-in-law Liu Qifu and son Qian Jiang to Xu Enzeng to "work" and left his wife Zhang Zhenhua in Shanghai as a liaison officer. He created some semi-public intelligence agencies under the cover of "news agencies" for the Kuomintang's "Central Investigation Division" in Nanjing, Tianjin and other places. After Qian Zhuangfei's arrangement, Li Kinong became the special chief of the Shanghai Radio Administration Bureau, and Hu di became the president of Tianjin's "Great Wall News Agency. Qian Zhuangfei himself presided over the work of "Changjiang News Agency" and "Zhengyuan Industrial News Agency" and "Minzhi News Agency" in Nanjing. The "Changjiang News Agency" is located on the fourth floor of the Central Hotel next to the "Zhengyuan Industrial Society" in Nanjing. It is the core of the KMT's Central Unification Secret Service. As a result, the three formed a red "iron triangle" in the Kuomintang intelligence organs, and their activities were in the "heart" of the enemy ". Qian Zhuangfei became the chief figure of the "Three Heroes of Longtan". The three regularly exchanged information in the "Great Wall News Agency". Li Kinong was responsible for passing the information obtained to Zhou Enlai through Chen Geng.

Qian Zhuangfei's intelligence in the Kuomintang was also reflected in an excellent mission. In 1930, the Kuomintang urgently needed to collect military intelligence in the Northeast. Chiang Kai-shek also wanted to get the situation of Zhang Xueliang. The Japanese Kwantung Army entrenched in the Northeast formulated strict measures to prevent the infiltration of the Kuomintang. Most of the intelligence personnel sent by the Kuomintang went back. Xu Enzeng saw this and decided to send Qian Zhuangfei, a "capable cadre", to take a trip in person. In April of this year, Qian Zhuangfei went to the Northeast with mission and activity funds. He was accompanied by members of the CCP Special Section. They took the certificates of the Kuomintang "Central Investigation Section" and inspected the CCP Special Section in Northeast and North China. Work deployment. After Qian Zhuangfei returned to Shanghai safely, he wrote a 40000-word military research report on the northeast. Chen Lifu sincerely praised: amazing! Where did you get such good material! Since then, Qian Zhuangfei's name has been resounding in the Zhongtong spy system, and Xu Enzeng has increasingly relied on Qian Zhuangfei as an agent "wizard. Of course, he would not know that Qian Zhuangfei's investigation report on the Northeast Army incorporated a lot of "intelligence" and "wisdom" of the Chinese Communist Party ".

Qian Zhuangfei is also an out-and-out code-breaking expert. Xu Enzeng always carried a password book for senior officials of the Kuomintang to send reports to each other. Qian Zhuangfei knew the importance of this password, so he tried every means to get it. Once, when Xu En, who was fearful and lustful, was in a hurry to find a beautiful woman on the beach from Nanjing to Shanghai for a meeting, he pointed his finger at his chest and said, "No! No! Director Xu, how can you do with this?" Xu En once thought it was reasonable and immediately took out the password book from his coat and gave it to Qian Zhuangfei, instructing him to keep it carefully. After Xu Enzeng left, Qian Zhuangfei immediately copied the codebook and collected it. However, he found that he still could not decipher the high-secret message with this code alone. For this reason, he used his brains. After careful thinking and observation, he found that Xu Enzeng always had a set of "Zeng Wenzheng's Collected Works" on his desk, which attracted his attention. After careful analysis, he finally found the mystery in the book and found a clue to deciphering the Kuomintang's high-level telecommunications code. Qian Zhuangfei, with his extraordinary wit and deciphered code, saved the CPC Central Committee from a disaster.

Dragon's Pool and Tiger's Den to turn the tide

After Chiang Kai-shek's military division of the Communist Party and Ninghan merged in 1927, the great revolution marked by the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party failed. Under the cover of white terror, some members of the Communist Party of China turned against the enemy and sold confidential information to the Kuomintang, endangering the Party Central Committee. After the August 7th meeting, Zhou Enlai proposed to the Party Central Committee to establish a "Central Special Task Force" (referred to as the "Central Special Task Force"), which will be directly under the leadership of the Party Central Committee. The three tasks of the Central Special Branch are: to enter the enemy's interior to obtain information, to raise funds for the revolution, and to punish traitors. He paid great attention to the construction of a hidden front with a firm revolutionary will to protect the security of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.

In the history of the Communist Party of China, nothing is more harmful to the Party Central Committee than the defection of Gu Shunzhang, then alternate member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee. He was a worker in Shanghai and was active in the strike struggle during the May 30th Movement. After that, he was selected by the party organization together with Chen Geng to study political security work in the Soviet Union. After returning to China, he participated in the third armed uprising of Shanghai workers and served as the commander-in-chief of the workers' armed picket team. Gu Shunzhang participated in the organization of the Central Special Branch in Shanghai, and served as the head of the Operations Division under the direct leadership of Zhou Enlai. He once led the "Red Team" to punish traitors and the Kuomintang spies to deter the enemy camp. However, Gu Shunzhang was in and out of the colorful Shanghai beach. He had strong gang habits, weak beliefs and often took credit for himself. His special status led to the corruption of his life. Zhou Enlai and Chen Geng and others were deeply worried about this. Sure enough, after carrying out the task of escorting Zhang Guotao and Chen Changhao to Hubei, Henan, Anhui and Soviet areas, he stayed on his way back and did not return. He went on stage to perform magic in Wuhan in violation of discipline. As a result, he was recognized by the traitor and was immediately arrested and defected.

Gu Shunzhang was afraid that the Kuomintang would kill the donkey, so he did not want to spit out all the secrets of the Communist Party of China in Wuhan immediately. He asked the Kuomintang Wuhan camp to send him to Nanjing, meet Chiang Kai-shek, and then pour out the plate, ensuring that the Shanghai Central Committee of the Communist Party of China will be caught within 3 days. In order to show his merit and verify the accuracy of the CCP intelligence he provided, Gu Shunzhang did not hesitate to give up Yun Daiying, an outstanding leader of the party who was not exposed in the Kuomintang prison, and so on, resulting in his killing.

Cai Mengjian, head of the KMT's Wuhan Hankou Police Department, was overjoyed after taking control of Gu Shunzhang. In order to get the top job, he immediately sent six telegrams marked "Urgent Top Secret" to his superiors Chen Lifu and Xu Enzeng in Nanjing. The content of the message is roughly:

The bandit, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and responsible for the activities of secret agents, was arrested at dawn in Hankou.

Liming has surrendered to the Kuomintang, saying that there is a major plan of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and wants to go to Ningmang to present Chiang Kai-shek.

Dawn asked to fly to Nanjing.

He Yingqin has called Minister Chen and immediately reported to Chiang Kai-shek to send a warship to Hankou to escort him to Nanjing at dawn.

Cai Mengjian, a special commissioner of the Investigation Division in Wuhan, will fly to Nanjing tomorrow to report to Chiang Kai-shek.

The "dawn" in the telegram is Gu Shunzhang.

The ticking telegram rang late at night on April 25, 1931. This weekend night, Qian Zhuangfei was working the night shift at the "Zhengyuan Industrial Society". With his professional sensitivity, he felt that there must be something important in the six consecutive top-secret telegrams sent from Wuhan to Chen Lifu and Xu Enzeng. As a confidential secretary, he was not allowed to open the secret telegram according to the regulations, but he did not think much about it and decisively opened the secret telegram. Suddenly, the content of the telegram verified his premonition and shocked him.

Qian Zhuangfei realized in an instant that the CPC Central Committee in Shanghai was at stake, because Gu Shunzhang knew the situation of the CPC Central Committee in Shanghai very well.

He is more aware that his identity has been completely exposed. Gu Shunzhang knew that the Communist Party of China had sent latent personnel under Xu Enzeng, and the telegram had indicated not to let the people around Xu Enzeng know.

At this moment, in Qian Zhuangfei's mind, safeguarding the security of the Party Central Committee has become a top priority. At the critical moment, he broke the regular and did not follow the prescribed information transmission channels. He urgently sent his son-in-law Liu Qifu to Shanghai overnight on the last train, instructing him to convey to his "uncle" (Li Cannon) the message that "the morning has left, his mother is critically ill, and he is transferred to the hospital quickly" before April 27, and told him to "be calm and be sure to send the message".

Qian Zhuangfei's decisions and arrangements at critical moments have won valuable transfer time for the CPC Central Committee in Shanghai. Perhaps, only the term "turning the tide" can properly express the meaning behind the "extremely urgent" and "very important" intelligence on the hidden front.

Loyalty and solitary determination to stay

After arranging for people to go to Shanghai to report the situation, Qian Zhuangfei calmly deployed his comrades in the hidden front to evacuate. He immediately went to the "Changjiang News Agency" on the fourth floor of the nearby Central Hotel and informed the comrades who had broken into the enemy's interior to move quickly. It was late at night, and the comrades had not yet come to work. He used the agreed code to inform his comrades to evacuate quickly. Later, he came to the news agency's sending room and asked the operator to send a clear telegram to Hu di of the "great wall news agency" in Tianjin in the north: "the tide is seriously ill and will return soon." "Chao" is Qian Chao, a name once used by Qian Zhuangfei to ensure the safe evacuation of his comrades.

Qian Zhuangfei knew he was in danger, but he was exceptionally calm. He chose the unnoticed way to leave calmly. Qian Zhuangfei once told his daughter and son-in-law that in order not to reveal a flaw, he would go to work as usual the next day to stabilize Xu Enzeng. Sure enough, Qian Zhuangfei drove himself to Xiaguan Station, picked up Xu Enzeng's train from Shanghai to Nanjing at 7:20 a.m. on Monday, and then sent him to work at Zhengyuan Industrial Society. After arriving at the office, Qian Zhuangfei quietly told Xu Enzeng that there was an urgent telegram in Wuhan. He casually handed over six secret telegrams to Xu Enzeng and then quietly left as usual after work. Others thought Qian Zhuangfei went home from work to rest, but they did not know that he quickly took the 10: 00 a.m. train to evacuate to Shanghai.

Almost at the same time, Cai Mengjian accompanied Gu Shunzhang by car stopped at the gate of Xu Enzeng's secret headquarters. Gu Shunzhang saw the house number: No. 305 Zhongshan Road, and hurriedly said: "It's broken! We have an undercover Qian Zhuangfei, and their contact address is here." When the truth came to light, Qian Zhuangfei had already got off at Zhenru Station in the suburbs of Shanghai and made a detour into downtown Shanghai. At 2 pm on the same day, he joined Li kenong and began to "move.

Qian Zhuangfei's outstanding agent career lies in his complete escape from the crisis. When he left Nanjing, out of love for his son, he left a letter to Xu Enzeng, explaining that the two had different political views and should not harm their children. Otherwise, he would have to make public the corruption and bribery of Xu Enzeng, the plot against his colleagues and the privacy of life. This silent psychological battle made Xu Enzeng, who was guilty, finally did not dare to attack Qian Zhuangfei's children. But from then on, a farewell turned out to be an eternal tactic, but Qian Zhuangfei never saw his children again.

Wujiang River Waves to Sacrifice Loyal Soul

After Qian Zhuangfei withdrew from Longtan Tiger's Den, he was ordered to enter the Central Soviet Area from Shanghai. He worked hard for the party, regardless of fame and fortune. His unique talent is well-known in the Central Soviet Area. The "six major buildings" of Ruijin, the Red Capital of the Soviet Republic of China-the auditorium of the Provisional Central Government of the Soviet Republic of China, the Red Army Martyrs Memorial Tower, the Red Army Martyrs Memorial Pavilion, the Red Army Review Platform, Boshengbao, and the Gonglue Pavilion are all his proud works. Mao Zedong once took Qian Zhuangfei's hand and sincerely praised him: "You are a wizard! You are outstanding in acting, painting and defending, but you can't imagine that you are still a red designer!" Since then, the nickname "Red Designer" has spread like wildfire in the Central Soviet Area.

He has co-edited scripts with Li Kinong and Hu di, and dramas such as "Red Spy", "Last Supper", "Sacrifice for Who" and "Kill Lushan Mountain" directed and starred by him have aroused strong repercussions and are deeply loved by the people of the Central Soviet Area. The script of "Sacrifice for Who" was based on the Kuomintang's 26th Army Ningdu Uprising. At that time, Mao Zedong personally summoned Qian Zhuangfei, Hu di, Li Bozhao and others to explain the purpose of propaganda and education in order to offer condolences and educate the uprising soldiers. The play tells the story of a White Army soldier who was pulled by the Kuomintang to go to Jiangxi to "suppress bandits". His wife was living on the streets and was captured by the Red Army after being defeated. The story of joining the Red Army after several twists and turns and finally meeting his wife again in the Red Capital Ruijin has a strong response after the performance. The play "Kill Lushan Mountain" is said to be created according to Zhou Enlai's oral manuscript. It is the highlight of the grand celebration of "August 1st" in the Central Soviet Area in 1933. The theatrical performance is unprecedented. This is also a perfect joint work of the CCP's hidden front commander and the top soldiers under his command. The cast has a strong cast: Luo Ruiqing as director, Nie Rongzhen as Song Ziwen and Tong Xiaopeng as Song Meiling. Qian Zhuangfei played Chiang Kai-shek with superb acting skills, showing Chiang's sinister, cunning, brutality and the evil of the "encirclement and suppression" of the Red Army incisively and vividly, leaving a deep impression on the audience.

In the Central Soviet area, Qian Zhuangfei successively served as director of the political Security Bureau of the Central Revolutionary military Commission and deputy director of the second Bureau of the General staff headquarters, responsible for intelligence work. This is his old line of work, excellent work, and made a significant contribution to the Red Army's struggle against "encirclement and suppression.

In October 1934, Qian Zhuangfei participated in the Long March. On the Long March, the Red Army repeatedly jumped out of the encirclement in the weak parts of the Kuomintang army, which had a great relationship with the enemy code book copied by Qian Zhuangfei. It turned out that after Qian Zhuangfei left, Xu En was afraid of being investigated. After clearing his boss Chen Lifu and his colleagues, he concealed from Chiang Kai-shek that his confidential secretary was the Communist Party and that the password had been leaked. Therefore, the Kuomintang Central Committee did not change the password for a long time. It was during this period that Qian Zhuangfei was responsible for excellent intelligence work, which played an important role in the Red Army leaders' accurate judgment of the enemy's situation. In response, Mao Zedong exclaimed: Zeng Xisheng and Qian Zhuangfei made great efforts when the Red Army marched into Guizhou!

What is embarrassing is that the Central Red Army's Long March into Guizhou jumped out of the encirclement of the Kuomintang army, but Qian Zhuangfei himself fell on the bank of the Wujiang River forever. The revolutionary situation has made his sacrifice a historical mystery, but his enigmatic red agent spirit reflects through history today.

In 2009, on the eve of commemorating the 60th anniversary of the founding of New China, Qian Zhuangfei was named one of the 100 heroes and model figures who made outstanding contributions to the founding of New China.

Source: Learning Times