Red Three Rocks

Hongyan Revolutionary Memorial Hall

Hongyan spirit is the precious spiritual wealth of the Communist Party of China and the Chinese nation. Hongyan, Zengjianyan and Hutou Rock, which are called "Red Three Rock", are full of red memories.

Hongyan was originally a place name, located in the northwest suburb of Jialing River, more than ten miles away from the urban area of Chongqing. The geological structure here is mainly composed of Jurassic red shale, and the terrain resembles the mountain mouth extending to the Jialing River, so it is also called red rock mouth. In the early 1930 s, an intellectual woman named Rao Guomo bought the reclaimed flower and fruit farm here, planting peach trees, pear trees, apple trees, begonia and rose all over the mountain. By the eve of the Anti-Japanese War, the Hongyanzui Valley was already full of flowers, fruits and green trees. Because Rao Guomo's husband's surname is Liu, also known as "Liu Jia Garden".

In early 1939, the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and the Office of the Eighth Route Army in Chongqing were established in Chongqing, with Zhou Enlai as secretary. Because the Kuomintang did not allow the Communist Party of China to organize public activities, the Southern Bureau was initially secretly located in the Chongqing Office of the Eighth Route Army, a public authority at 70 Computer Room Street. Due to the lack of housing in the urban area and the insecurity of Japanese bombing, Zhou Enlai immediately instructed to find a new site in the suburbs of the urban area after arriving in Chongqing. With the help of the underground party, he chose Rao Guomo's flower and fruit farm.

When the Communist Party of China proposed to set up an organ on the farm, Rao Guomo "gladly accepted", immediately set aside the land and actively helped with the preparatory work. In May 1939, No. 70 Computer Room Street was bombed by a Japanese plane. Dong Biwu and others led most of the comrades of the Southern Bureau and the office to move to Hongyan Village, where they scattered in the dormitory of farm workers and several thatched houses where firewood and grass were piled up. In the autumn of that year, the office and accommodation building designed and built by the comrades of the office was completed, and all the offices of the Southern Bureau and the Eighth Route Army in Chongqing moved to this office. Chongqing local authorities have compiled the house number here as Hongyan Mouth 13. Since then, the land of Hongyan Village has been given a new historical connotation.

Zeng Jiayan, also known as "Zhou Mansion", was Zhou Enlai's residence in Chongqing during the Anti-Japanese War. At the beginning of 1939, the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee considered that the office housing was very tight, and Zeng Jiayan was located in the urban area, close to the National Government, and it was very convenient to meet visitors and contact with people from all walks of life. In the public name of the deputy minister of the Political Department, he rented the main building and the third floor of No. 50 Zengjiayan, Zhongshan 4th Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, and the three rooms on the east of the second floor ". But in fact, this is the location of some institutions of the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. The military, cultural, women's, foreign affairs and party groups of the Southern Bureau are all secretly located here.

At that time, Liu Ya-zi, Zhang Lan, Huang Yanpei, Shen Junru and other celebrities from all walks of life were regular visitors in the Zhou Mansion. The conditions of the Zhou Mansion were difficult. When the meal was served, there were not enough tables, stools, bowls and chopsticks. However, all the guests did not take it seriously. Instead, they talked and laughed and got together very happily.

In order to monitor Zeng Jiayan, the military secret agent opened a small teahouse and shoe repair shop at the intersection, and took turns sitting in these two houses from morning to night, with his eyes firmly fixed on the gate of the Zhou Mansion. In spite of the very dangerous internal and external environment, the revolutionary ancestors are still busy running for the country.

Hutou Rock is known because of Xinhua Daily. "Xinhua Daily" was the only organ newspaper publicly issued by the Communist Party of China in the Kuomintang-controlled area during the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. The newspaper also compiled and published the "Masses" weekly, which was the first party newspaper and party journal publicly issued by the Communist Party of China nationwide.

Xinhua Daily was organized in Nanjing in 1937 and officially launched in Wuhan on January 11, 1938. In 1939, due to the serious damage caused by the Japanese bombing, Xinhua Daily closed its publication on May 4, 2002, and the newspaper moved to No. 165, Hualongqiao New Village under Hutou Rock, which is adjacent to Hongyan. On August 13 of the same year, Xinhua Daily resumed publication here and fought until it was unreasonably seized by the Kuomintang in February 1947. It was in this low and damp newspaper that Xinhua Daily, under the direct leadership of Zhou Enlai and the Southern Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, persisted for nearly 3,000 days and nights, reporting the real situation, spreading the revolutionary truth, and propagating to the people of the whole country the Chinese Communist Party's unity in the war of resistance. The proposition and the significance of the anti-Japanese national united front, while exposing the darkness and fallacies of the Kuomintang, expose all unreasonable phenomena in society, and become spiritual food for the broad masses of the people in the areas under the control of the chinese people.

The persistent publication of "Xinhua Daily" and "Masses" weekly in Chongqing has won the support of the broad masses and progressives, and is a strong "fortress" that the Kuomintang die-hards can not break down ".

Source: China Discipline Inspection and Supervision News