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Liu Bocheng's Long March Skillfully Used "Five Elements"
Among the older generation of proletarian revolutionaries, Liu Bocheng is an army general with firm political beliefs, outstanding military strategies and profound cultural cultivation. He has a famous saying in combat planning: "The five elements are uncertain, and you lose cleanly." What he called the "five elements", namely, mission, my situation, enemy situation, time and terrain. He regards our army as the main body of war, the mission as the center, the enemy situation as the premise, and the time and terrain as material conditions. During the Long March of the Red Army, he used the "Five Elements" to adapt to changes, take advantage of the situation, fight skillful battles, fight tough battles, and repeatedly build strange achievements.
"Save Bullets" to outsmart Zunyi City
After the Party's Liping Conference, Liu Bocheng served as Chief of General Staff of the Red Army and commander of the Central Column. On January 3, 1935, as soon as the Central Column and the Fifth Army crossed the Wujiang River, Liu Bocheng immediately led his troops to seize Zunyi. He stressed to Wang Zhe, the political commissar of the Sixth Regiment of the Second Division of the First Red Army, who was in charge of the task: "Now, our life is relatively difficult. We need to fight well, with fewer casualties and save bullets. This requires more wisdom." Braving the heavy rain, the troops unexpectedly occupied the town of Shenxishui, a stronghold outside Zunyi City, and captured a battalion stationed in the town. Wang Jicheng and regimental commander Zhu Qiushui found out the details of Zunyi City through the captives and decided to disguise themselves as enemies and use the captives to cheat the city and fight a cheap battle. They reported their ideas to Liu Bocheng, who agreed with him very much: "Very well, this is wisdom. But you must pretend to be like the enemy, and you must not let Zunyi's defending enemy see it." Soon, the third company of the first battalion, the reconnaissance platoon and more than 20 commanders of the whole regiment changed into enemy clothing, allowing the captured company commander and more than a dozen soldiers to lead the way. By night, the team arrived at the gate of Zunyi City smoothly. Although the sentries of the Qianjun army on the tower questioned them very carefully, the soldiers guarding the gate opened the gate unguarded because some prisoners answered. The Red Army soldiers swarmed in and cleaned up the enemy on the tower at once. More than 20 bugglers blew the charge together. The follow-up troops rushed into the city like a tide. The enemy could not figure out how many Red Army troops had arrived. They had already lost their ability to resist. Three enemy regiments fled from the north gate. On January 7, the Red Army occupied Zunyi.
The Zunyi defenders fled north in the direction of Loushanguan and Tongzi. Loushan Pass is 90 miles away from Zunyi, which is a famous dangerous pass in the continuous mountains of northern Guizhou. It is like an iron lock locking Zunyi's way out to Sichuan. If Loushan Pass is not controlled in time, the next action of the Central Red Army will be greatly restricted. Thinking of this, Liu Bocheng and Nie Rongzhen immediately rushed to the second division. Liu Bocheng asked Geng Biao, commander of the fourth regiment, and Yang Chengwu, political commissar of the fourth regiment, to immediately lead the troops to set out and occupy Tongzi after the occupation of Loushan Pass. At the same time, they should "seize the pass quickly and have fewer casualties". the leaders of the fourth regiment conducted serious study and investigation and decided to adopt the tactic of taking a frontal feint attack and flanking plagiarism against loushan pass. With the help of an old hunter, the troops found a path that could detour to the back of Loushan Pass, and attacked back and forth. After quickly capturing Loushan Pass on January 8, they occupied Tongzi, ensuring the safety of the Central Red Army stationed in Zunyi.
Six Wooden Boats Crossing Jinsha River
On May 2, 1935, Zhu De ordered Liu Bocheng to lead a battalion of the cadre regiment and an engineering battalion of the headquarters to rush to Jiaopingdu to build a bridge on the morning of the 4th, and at the same time to spy on the crossing points upstream. Liu Bocheng told the advance team to change into the costumes of the Kuomintang army and swaggered to the riverside. He met several groups along the way, but he did not entangle with them. He only said: "The Communist army wants to cross the river here. We will carry out the task and block the ferry." When I came to the cedar tree 30 kilometers away from the river, a big fat district grew out to welcome me. Liu Bocheng and Song Renqiong brought several guards to the district office. The fat district chief said: "Shangfeng has come to order to burn the boat and seal the river." While drinking water, Liu Bocheng said, "We are also here to carry out this task. Please show me the official documents." The fat district chief hurriedly took out the official document and handed it up. liu bocheng asked: "did you burn the boat?" the fat district chief was afraid of being blamed and explained: "just received the official document, but it hasn't been burned yet." Liu Bocheng said, "Very well, let's do it." Then Liu Bocheng asked about the river width, flow rate, water depth, and the strength of the troops guarding the ferry. Then he sternly told the fat district chief: "We are the Red Army. You take us to find the ship. If there is a problem with the ship, you are the only one to ask." The fat district chief was sweating profusely and led the way. After finding two boats, the vanguard company crossed the river by boat, wiped out more than 30 security team personnel and took control of the ferry. With the help of local boat people, four more boats were found.
Liu Bocheng set up the River Crossing Command, formulated the "Code of River Crossing", and at the same time sent a report to Commander-in-Chief Zhu De: "There are 6 boats in Jiaoping, and 10000 people can cross every night. The Military Commission column can cross on the 5th." Zhu De ordered the whole army to cross the river from Jiaoping. Liu Bocheng learned that the whole army crossed the river from Jiaoping, and immediately ordered Song Renqiong to lead the 3rd battalion to climb the mountain 20 miles to seize Tong'an Town, leaving the engineering company to guard the ferry. Liu Yuantang, brigade commander of the first brigade of Chuankang border defense, learned that the river defense had been lost and brought two battalions to reinforce it. As a result, the aid enemy was washed down by a charge from the 3rd battalion in the north of Tong 'an. Liu Yuantang cried loudly and fled back to Huili with the remnants. After the battle, the commanders and fighters sighed that if they camped on the riverside and let the enemy climb over the mountains and down, they did not know how much it would cost. From May 4 to 9, the main force of the Central Red Army crossed the Jinsha River, got rid of the siege and interception of hundreds of thousands of enemy troops, and won the initiative in the strategic shift. When Xue Yue's recovery troops arrived at the Jinsha River on May 16, they could only look at the river and sigh.
Three shells opened the way to forcibly cross the Dadu River.
On May 12, 1935, the party's meeting decided that Liu Bocheng was appointed commander of the advance army of the Central Red Army to open the way for the whole army. Liu Bocheng carried out and publicized the Party's ethnic policy, won the support of the Yi people, and formed an alliance with Xiaoyedan, the leader of the Yi Guoji tribe, in the Yi Sea, enabling the Red Army to smoothly pass through the Yi people's area and winning precious time for crossing the Dadu River and flying over Luding Bridge.
Both sides of the Dadu River are high mountains. The Anshunchang Dukou River is 3000 meters wide, and the water is deep and the waves are too fast to build bridges. At that time, Shi Da-kai led 20000 Taiping Rebellion troops in Anshun Field of the Dadu River, which was unable to cross the river, and was completely annihilated under the pursuit of the Qing army. On the evening of May 24, Liu Bocheng explained the situation to Sun Jixian, commander of the first battalion of the first regiment, arranged the task of seizing the Anshunchang ferry and stressed: "whether we will become Shi Dacai depends on you." The battle began at 10 p.m., and the first battalion successfully occupied the ferry and found the ship and dozens of boatmen. At 9 a.m. on the 25th, 18 people including Xiong Changlin, the second company of the first battalion, boarded the boat and began to forcibly cross the Dadu River under the cover of fire. Liu Bocheng asked someone to set up the mortar and said to the staff officer, "Tell Zhao Zhangcheng to aim at the two bunkers on the other side. We will only fire a few shells. We must shoot accurately according to the order." After the ship docked, 18 warriors flew off the ship. The enemy bullied the Red Army with few people, and an officer commanded more than 200 people to come out of the bunkers and stragoers to counter the charge. Liu Bocheng held up his telescope and said, "Tell Zhao Zhangcheng to fire." Zhao Zhangcheng's first shot hit the top of the enemy's bunker, and then two shots hit the enemy's team. The enemy suffered heavy casualties and was suddenly in chaos. The warriors took advantage of the situation to charge, occupied the main fortifications, and fled. However, the round trip time of small boats is long, and it takes more than a month for the whole army to cross the river by boat, which is not allowed by the enemy. At noon, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai and other leaders came to the advance command. After studying, Mao Zedong summed up everyone's opinions and decided to divide the troops and advance along both sides of the Dadu River. They coordinated with each other to seize Luding Bridge and cross the river at Luding Bridge. If the two roads cannot meet, Liu Bocheng and Nie Rongzhen will lead the troops to go alone and make a situation in Sichuan.
Military emergency. Liu and Nie led a division and a cadre regiment to march to Luding City on the 27th and arrived at the wire ditch outside Luding City on the 29th. At this time, Yang Chengwu, political commissar of the Fourth Red Regiment, led the regiment to launch a general attack on Luding Bridge. When the enemy learned that the Red Army had come to the west of the bridge and the east of the bridge, he disregarded it head and tail and was routed. The Fourth Red Regiment captured Luding Bridge at 17: 00 on the 29th and Liu Bocheng and Nie Rongzhen entered Luding City at 2: 00 a.m. on the 30th. Liu Bocheng stomped his feet on the Luding Bridge and said with emotion: "Luding Bridge! Luding Bridge! How much energy and effort we have spent on you! Now, we have won! We have won!"
Mao Zedong made a revolutionary romantic review of this period of history in the "Seven Laws: Long March" with "Jinsha Water Pai Yuna Cliff Warm, Dadu Bridge Cross Iron Cable Cold. This is not only a wonderful chapter in Liu Bocheng's military career, but also a strong part of the party history and military history.
Source: Learning Times
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