Forty years of agitation: the historical process of the development of the western region

The west, the widest region of China, has two-thirds of the land area and the longest border in China; the west, once the most closed and backward region in China, has a significant gap with the east for a long time. However, after decades of unremitting efforts, the western region has gone from poverty to prosperity, from closed to open, from backwardness to progress, and a beautiful, vibrant and charming western region has been presented to the world.
The development of the western region is a major strategic decision made by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to implement Deng Xiaoping's strategic thinking on the "two overall situations" of China's modernization and face the new century, and a major strategic deployment for comprehensively promoting socialist modernization. In January 2000, the Western Region Development Leading Group of the State Council held a Western Region Development Conference to study the basic ideas and strategic tasks for accelerating the development of the western region, and to deploy and implement the key tasks of the western development.
The potential of the western region is moving the world: looking forward to the chessboard of China's development strategy.
In the strategic chessboard of China's development, the development of the west is extremely important. The implementation of the development of the western region is an indispensable prerequisite for the realization of national modernization. Due to the special conditions in the west, the gap between the east and the west is still widening. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Jiang Zemin as the core put forward the development of the western region at the right time, which is precisely the objective requirement of China's modernization drive and the inevitable choice to realize the strategic goal of China's modernization in the new century.
The development of the western region is a large-scale systematic project, which requires a new development idea and overall plan. The state proposes that the development of the western region should be based on infrastructure construction, ecological and environmental protection as the foundation, economic restructuring and the development of characteristic industries as the key, relying on scientific and technological progress and training of talents as the guarantee, reform and opening up as the driving force, economic prosperity and common prosperity of all ethnic groups as the starting point, under the overall plan, ten new projects will be started in the western region, and then gradually implemented in accordance with economic laws, avoid the rush.
In the 1980 s, when reform and opening up and modernization were fully launched, the Party Central Committee put forward the strategic concept of "two overall situations" in response to the unbalanced development of China. The overall situation is that the coastal areas should speed up opening up to the outside world and develop first, and the central and western regions should take into account this overall situation. Another overall situation is that when the coastal areas develop to a certain period of time, more efforts should be made to help the central and western regions accelerate their development, and the eastern coastal areas should also obey this overall situation.
Plan for the initial battle wheel drive: policy introduction to implement the great construction of the new century.
In May 1998, the strategy of "gradually accelerating the development of the western region" was put forward. On June 17, 1999, at the symposium on the reform and development of state-owned enterprises in the five northwestern provinces and regions, it was clearly proposed to implement the strategy of developing the western region, pointing out that accelerating the development of the western region is a major strategy and thinking for the development of the country, and the development of the western region A series of important issues were discussed.
In September of the same year, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 15th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China passed the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning the Reform and Development of State-owned Enterprises", which clearly stated that "the state should implement the strategy of developing the western region". In November 1999, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council convened the Central Economic Work Conference. When making specific arrangements for the work in 2000, the implementation of the western development strategy was regarded as an important aspect. This can be regarded as the start of the implementation of the western development strategy.
In January 2000, the leading Group for the Development of the Western region of the State Council held a meeting on the development of the western region to study the basic ideas and strategic tasks for speeding up the development of the western region, and to make comprehensive arrangements for the key work of implementing the strategy for the large-scale development of the western region. this can be regarded as the comprehensive implementation of the strategy for the large-scale development of the western region. Since then, the western development strategy has been incorporated into my country's entire national economic and social development plan in the new century, and has become an important part of China's comprehensive construction of a well-off society in the new century, the implementation of the third-step strategic deployment of modernization, and the coordinated development of regional economies.
On December 8, 2006, the executive meeting of the State Council reviewed and approved in principle the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan for the Development of the Western Region". In 2008, the total import and export volume of the western region reached 106.8 billion billion US dollars, nearly eight times that of 1999, with an average annual growth rate of 23.2 per cent; the proportion of total import and export value in the country rose from 3.8 per cent in 1999 to 4.2 per cent in 2008. In the past 10 years, the "introduction" of the western region has grown rapidly, and the actual use of foreign capital has increased from US $2.351 billion in 1998 to US $6.619 billion in 2008, an increase of 181.54. Western China presents a new pattern of regional cooperation and comprehensive opening to the outside world.
The road to poverty alleviation: climbing over the ridge to overcome poverty "hard bones"
After years of unremitting efforts, great achievements have been made in the development of the western region that have attracted worldwide attention. The economic development of the western region has accelerated, the appearance of urban and rural areas has changed greatly, and the people have received more benefits. The contribution of the western region to the country has become more prominent.
Western China includes 12 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), including Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and Guangxi, with a land area of 6.87 million square kilometers, accounting for 72% of the country's total. In 2015, the population of the western region accounted for 27 percent of the country's total, the urbanization rate of the resident population reached 48.7 percent, and the regional GDP was 14.5 trillion billion yuan, accounting for 20.1 percent of the country's total.
For many reasons, the western region is also a poverty-stricken area in China. In recent years, China has focused on poverty alleviation and prosperity in the old, young, border and poor areas. Policy documents supporting the accelerated development of Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia, Bijie in Guizhou, the old revolutionary base areas of Zuojiang in Guangxi, and the extremely poor ethnic autonomous prefectures such as Liangshan in Sichuan, Nujiang in Yunnan, and Linxia in Gansu have been issued one after another. Each region has its own efforts to shake off poverty and become rich in accordance with local conditions.
Take Yunnan Province as an example. There are 26 ethnic groups in the province, and the poverty-stricken population of ethnic minorities accounts for 44.95 percent of the total poverty-stricken population. The task of getting rid of poverty is particularly arduous. In 2012, the total number of rural poor in Yunnan Province was 8.04 million, but by 2016, the number had dropped to 3.63 million; the incidence of poverty had dropped from 21.6 per cent to 9.8 per cent; the per capita disposable income of farmers had increased from 4365 yuan to 7847 yuan in 2016; and all 88 poor counties in the province had electricity and telephone calls.
In many poor areas of western China, almost all have similar stories. In the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", more than 5000 million people in China have been lifted out of poverty, and the western region, the "main battlefield", has contributed.
Green Water and Green Mountain Hundred Generations Chess: Ecology First, Green Water and Green Mountain is Jinshan and Silver Mountain
We should not only shake off poverty and become rich, develop industries, but also retain green mountains and rivers. The western ecological security barrier is an important foundation for the sustainable development of the whole country. In 2016, the State Council issued the opinions on improving the compensation mechanism for ecological protection, pointing out that in the western region, we should always firmly grasp the construction of ecological environment. A new round of returning farmland to forests and grasslands has been launched; major ecological projects such as the ecological protection of the Three Rivers Source and the control of rocky desertification in the southwest are still continuing, and the national ecological security barrier in the western region has been consolidated.
Take the Sanjiangyuan ecological protection and construction project as an example. In the past 12 years, the state has invested a total of 18.35 billion yuan in ecological restoration funds. In January 2014, the second phase of the Sanjiangyuan Ecological Protection Project, which has a wider governance area and stricter standards, was successively launched. Up to now, an investment of 9.7 billion billion yuan has been completed.
According to monitoring data, compared with 2004 before the implementation of the ecological restoration project, the average coverage of various grasslands in the Sanjiangyuan area increased by 11.6, the forage yield increased by 29.66kg per mu, and the desertification area decreased by nearly 500 square kilometers. Due to the improvement of vegetation and soil water conservation capacity, at present, the Sanjiangyuan area can transport nearly 6 billion cubic meters of clean water to the downstream every year, and the water quality reaches excellent standards.
From the perspective of various provinces, major ecological restoration and construction projects have also been accelerated in recent years. In Inner Mongolia, for example, in just four years, the water area of Hulun Lake has expanded from 1750 square kilometers to 2044 square kilometers, the water storage capacity has increased from 4 billion cubic meters to 10.72 billion cubic meters, and the wetland area has been restored to nearly 300 square kilometers ...... The area of desertified and desertified land in Inner Mongolia has been reduced by 6.25 million mu and 5.15 million mu respectively; the forest area and the volume of living trees have increased steadily. In order to promote the construction of ecological civilization, Inner Mongolia compiled a balance sheet of natural resources three years ago, leading cadres implemented an outgoing audit of natural resources assets, and established a lifelong accountability system for ecological environmental damage.
Source: The World Wide Web