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Creating a New World Civilization of "Great Harness in the World" -- Refuting the "Clash of Civilizations" between China and the United States"
Over the past year, the United States has tried its best to fight a trade war against the rapidly developing China, vigorously promoting "bullying" and trying to contain China's rise in an all-round way. Some foreign dignitaries and a few intellectuals at home and abroad believe that this is the beginning of the "clash of civilizations" or "contest of civilizations" between China and the United States. In this regard, we beg to differ. At the Asian Civilization Dialogue Conference, General Secretary Xi Jinping borrowed the four sentences of Mr. Fei Xiaotong, "The beauty of each beauty, the beauty of the beauty, the beauty of the same, and the world is in harmony", using the "civilization dialogue theory" to refute the "civilization conflict theory" and profoundly reveal The essence of civilization and the internal logic of its development have pointed out the direction for us to correctly treat world civilization, Chinese civilization, other civilizations, and create a new world civilization.
1. and diverse civilizations, colorful world
Civilization is the result of human activities, resulting from the interaction of challenges and challenges. Engels pointed out: "the era of civilization is to learn the period of further processing of natural products, is the real industrial and artistic production period." Human beings often promote the development of civilization in the process of learning, summarizing, inheriting and conquering nature. The challenge of harnessing the Yellow River gave birth to the Chinese civilization, the conquest of the tyrannical waters of the Balkan Peninsula created the Greek civilization, and the taming of the Indus and Ganges, Euphrates and Tigris valleys gave birth to the splendid South Asian civilization......
The distinction and interconnectedness between world outlook and values determine the mutual distinction, interdependence and complementarity of various civilizations. Western philosophy emphasizes duality, subject-guest dichotomy, and contradictory struggle, forming a Western civilization that advocates science, conquers nature, individualism, and social pluralism, and evolves into a civilized communication method of conquering by force. Chinese philosophy emphasizes harmony and moderation, natural justice, and change, resulting in the formation of the Chinese civilization of "responsibility before freedom", "obligation before right", "group before individual", "harmony before conflict", and advocates dialogue, exchange and dissemination of civilization ...... Although Chinese and Western civilizations are not the same in terms of the hard core of value, they are all the crystallization of human beauty and wisdom.
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that human beings only have the difference between skin color and language, and the text and the text are only colorful, but there is no distinction between high and low. Civilizations are more individual and irreplaceable because of their differences, and they have unlimited possibilities for innovation because of their interconnectedness. The more national things, the more the world, the more vitality. Every civilization can stand in the history of world civilization and has its own way of survival and unique value. Although some civilizations have died out as a whole symbol in history, their contribution and value to world civilization cannot be denied.
A diverse collection of civilizations constitutes a colorful and colorful world of civilizations that complement each other. "Every civilization is rooted in its own survival soil, embodies the extraordinary wisdom and spiritual pursuit of a country and a nation, and has its own value of existence". For example, "peace is the most precious thing", "do not do to others what you do not want to do to yourself", "people and things" are the signs of Chinese civilization, "respect for heaven and love for others" is the symbol of Japanese civilization, "peaceful coexistence and non-violence" is the pursuit of Indian civilization, and "helping each other in justice and piety" is the expression of faith in Islamic civilization ...... "A flower alone is not spring", each civilization is enriched in communication, wonderful in reference, and innovative in integration. Only in the interaction can it compose a magnificent poem of world civilization.
On the clash of 2. civilizations: "flag" or "trap"
The self-identity of civilization strengthens the difference of civilization, and the difference contains the possibility of conflict. Unfortunately, Huntington, the father of the "clash of civilizations", strengthened and highlighted the side of the clash of civilizations, but did not pay much attention to the harmonious symbiosis of civilizations. Heinz believes that different civilizations generate different civilizations based on history, language, culture, tradition, religion and other elements. Among them, religion is the "hard core" that determines the characteristics of civilizations, and artificially "codes" civilizations in most parts of the world ". Heinz's theory seems to fit very well with historical reality. Since ancient times, human beings have been fighting, mediating, fighting and fighting for survival... But after careful deliberation, there are some points of taking into account one thing at the expense of the other and generalizing the whole. Among them, there is no lack of power logic under the banner of the superiority of Western civilization, and no lack of political discourse traps under the name of culture.
The fallacy of the theory of clash of civilizations is either to regard "interest identity" as "cultural identity", or to equate difference with conflict, or to presuppose "civilization paradigm". Sino-US trade friction makes Heinz's theory of civilization conflict once again become a hot topic of global discussion, but also caused doubts from all walks of life. American scholar Kedel said, "I don't think there is a 'clash and contest of civilizations' between China and the United States, on the contrary, I think it is the United States that has misunderstood China. To be more specific, it is the United States' misunderstanding of China's development strategy". Greek President Pavlopoulos also believes that the "clash of civilizations" theory is a huge mistake.
In a sense, the "theory of clash of civilizations" is a political discourse trap set by Western scholars and elites. It is a kind of cultural hegemony psychology of "measuring the belly of a gentleman with the heart of a villain". It contains the "cultural code" of "Western centralism", and its subtext is that Western civilization is superior to other civilizations. Heinz once pointed out without hesitation that "the West, especially the United States, which has always had a sense of mission, believes that people in non-Western countries should agree with Western values of democracy, free market, government with limited power, human rights, individualism and legal system, and incorporate these values into their local system". The fact is also true. The western civilization centrism represented by the United States looks down on other civilizations and shows extreme arrogance and rudeness to other civilizations. In the process of seeking unique splendor, the theory of civilization conflict has become the banner of eliminating other heterogeneous civilizations ".
Behind the premeditated arguments of "clash of civilizations", "China threat theory", "China collapse theory" and "China failure theory" are actually the uneasiness and restlessness of the "superiority complex" of Western civilization. Since the reform and opening up, China's development has made historic achievements by leaps and bounds. In just a few decades, it has developed from a relatively backward country to the second largest country in the world economy. In this regard, some Western countries still arrogantly adhere to the "end of ideology", the Cold War mentality, zero-sum game, and the jungle law consciousness of the law of the jungle are still haunting, and they have prejudices and wariness about China's development, and mistakenly assume that with the overall With the improvement of comprehensive strength, China is bound to challenge and threaten the interests of other partners in the foreseeable future. What is the difference between this and the "rotten rat owl" in Zhuangzi's eyes?
The 3. View of Civilization Should Counter "Right" as well as "Left"
On the issue of dealing with different civilizations, especially Chinese and Western civilizations, we should not only prevent "right" but also guard against "left". To prevent the "right" tendency of civilization is to prevent copying Western civilization and succumbing to Western civilization. In fact, it is to recognize the superiority of the West, identify with Western centralism, and move towards cultural capitulationism. If a nation is completely uncivilized and self-confident, it will be difficult for the nation to be independent and stand in the world.
At the same time, we should also guard against the "left" tendency of civilization. The "Left" of civilization advocates replacing Western civilization with Chinese civilization, and advocates being self-reliant and self-admiring. This is actually a variant of "Western-centric theory" and "civilization superiority theory" in China, which will eventually lead to civilized populism. Obviously, "if countries return to self-enclosed islands, human civilization will lose its vitality due to old age and death".
As the historical accumulation of human thought and behavior, civilization has its own law of growth and development. There are two different views on the development of civilization in the history of thought. Metaphysics often divides civilization into several stages mechanically. For example, Toynbee thinks that the development of civilization should go through four stages: origin, growth, decline and disintegration. Spengler puts forward "the season of civilization". Culture develops through three seasons: spring, summer and autumn. When it loses its vitality, it becomes civilization, that is, the winter of culture. Dialectical materialism believes that civilizations are a dialectical relationship of complementarity, mutual exchange, mutual promotion, mutual sublation, and common beauty. Various civilizations need to "develop and grow through exchanges and mutual learning".
The open gene in civilization determines whether it can keep up with the times and keep up with the times, thus making it continuous. "The history of world civilization reveals a law: any kind of civilization must keep pace with the times and constantly absorb the essence of the times" in order to "continuously create civilization achievements that span the time and space of the times and are full of eternal charm. It is not to engage in self-isolation, let alone to engage in'this one, no other branch, 'but to learn with an open mind and distinguish the strengths and essence of national ideology and culture." The glorious and splendid Chinese civilization is not the product of closed conceit, but the result of spitting out the old and taking in the new. Along the way, the connotation of Chinese civilization has changed a lot in the process of exchange and absorption: it can communicate with the spirit of Buddha and interpretation, absorb the strengths of Yi Di, and integrate the essence of Western civilization......
Dialogue between civilizations is not only an important method for the development of civilizations, but also an important way to solve the world's problems. At present, trade protectionism, isolationism, populism and other ideological trends are rampant, and the intention to block the process of world civilization is still caused by Western centrism and the theory of superiority of civilization. World peace depends on dialogue, communication and mutual understanding among different civilizations. Only by "surpassing the superiority of civilizations through coexistence in diversity, surpassing the conflict of civilizations through harmonious symbiosis, surpassing the estrangement of civilizations through integration and sharing, and surpassing the solidification of civilizations through prosperity" and seeking wisdom and nourishment from different civilizations, can the above-mentioned uncivilized acts be eliminated and the "golden key" to peace and development of mankind be found."
4. World Harone: Creating a New World Civilization
Great harmony in the world is the ideal goal of mankind. The "world of harmony" depicted in the Book of Rites, the "Garden of Eden" in the Bible, the "Xanadu" written by Tao Yuanming, the "Utopia" portrayed by Moore, and the "City of the Sun" shaped by Campanella... are all fervent expressions of such expectations. People have been calling for the civilized communication of "the music is the same, the ritual is the different. The same is the blind date, the different is the respect", hoping to live in the world of "everyone has virtue, everyone respects the old, everyone loves the young, everywhere uneven, no one is not full of warmth.
This utopian yearning of mankind, through the revolutionary transformation of Marxism, eventually changed from fantasy to science. With the goal of liberation of all mankind, Marxism "points out the direction for the ultimate establishment of an ideal society without oppression, exploitation, equality and freedom for all". There is no doubt that we can also find the direction to create a new civilization in the theory of scientific socialism, that is, on the basis of respecting the diversity of world civilizations, human beings must transcend the estrangement of civilizations through civilized exchanges, transcend the conflict of civilizations through mutual learning of civilizations, and transcend the superiority of civilization through civilized coexistence; human beings must achieve nirvana on the basis of absorbing and learning from other civilizations in the contemporary world, so as to sublimate into world civilization.
The civilization that leads the world to great harmony in the future must be a civilization of integration and innovation. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Civilizations communicate due to diversity, learn from each other due to communication, and develop due to mutual learning." During his inspection of Kongfu in Shandong Province, the general secretary further pointed out that it is necessary to carry out creative transformation and innovative development of traditional culture. We should inherit and carry forward it in the light of the conditions of the times, give it a new meaning, integrate it with the real culture, and coruscate new vitality. This is exactly the basic position and attitude of Chinese civilization in its own introspection and appearance of the world. The sustainable development of civilization requires not only passing on the fire and guarding it from generation to generation, but also adapting to the times and bringing forth the new through the old. The "Belt and Road" we advocate is not only economic cooperation, but also the beginning of economic and trade cooperation, gradually extending and expanding exchanges and cooperation in politics, culture, education, science and technology. In the end, it is embodied in the integration and mutual learning of a kind of civilization, rather than excluding dissidents and bullying the world. History has also repeatedly proved that any practice that wants to use coercive means to solve the differences of civilizations will not succeed, but will bring disaster to the world civilization.
The civilization that will lead the world to great harmony in the future must be a new civilization that will learn from others. Every civilization is the most brilliant pearl in the history of human civilization. From Indian civilization to Egyptian civilization, including Western civilization represented by the United States, it has been accumulated for several years and gradually formed by the wisdom of the people. Therefore, only when we respect all countries, attach importance to civilization, tolerate civilization, and have their own beauty, can we make each civilization shine in the "hundred gardens of civilization"; only when we innovate and create this new civilization can the world become a reality. Although this process is very long, but the direction will not change.
The 5000-year history of human civilization has proved that the Chinese civilization that can undertake this great task is not advocating "the unity of man and nature", "people-oriented", "noble monks", and "vigorous and promising. In the new era, it is the best response to this mission and responsibility to create a new Chinese civilization on the basis of socialist core values and the strong points of others, and to make new contributions to world civilization. The Chinese people are striving to realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. With the continuous development of China's economy and society, Chinese civilization will also radiate more vigorous vitality in line with the development of the times.
Civilization is advancing day by day, and Shengde is new day by day. At present, our country is in the best period of development since modern times, and the world is undergoing major changes unseen in a century. The two are simultaneously intertwined and mutually agitated. Although arguments such as the clash of civilizations and the superiority of civilizations have emerged from time to time, we believe that as long as we uphold the spirit of superb wisdom and tolerance, and persist in pragmatic actions and unremitting efforts, we will surely create a new world civilization of "the world is in harmony.
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